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The matrix-ring Morita pair with explicit tensor inverses
Example
Let be a field and , let be the ring of matrices over (Finite rectangular matrices over a commutative ring, their entries, rows and columns, Matrix multiplication is associative, unital, distributive, and compatible with scalar multiplication, is a ring under entrywise addition and matrix multiplication, including the zero ring ), relabel the row and column indices as and let , and put . Then is a -bimodule, is an -bimodule, and the multiplication maps are isomorphisms of bimodules, with inverses and extended -linearly. Hence and are Morita equivalent, realized by the inverse pair of bimodules (Morita equivalence is invertibility of a bimodule). No choice is used.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A field , an integer , with row and column indices relabelled and matrix units (Matrix units and the Kronecker delta), , and .
is a unital ring under entrywise addition and matrix multiplication, matrix multiplication is associative and bilinear over , and ( is a ring under entrywise addition and matrix multiplication, including the zero ring , Matrix multiplication is associative, unital, distributive, and compatible with scalar multiplication, , Finite rectangular matrices over a commutative ring, their entries, rows and columns).
In a -bimodule the left -action and right -action commute, and acts on by scalar multiplication (-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions).
A -bilinear map that is balanced descends to a unique homomorphism out of the tensor product, and an elementary-tensor prescription descends exactly when its pairing is balanced (Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups, A formula on elementary tensors defines a homomorphism exactly when its underlying pairing is balanced, Field).
Morita equivalent rings are exactly the pairs admitting bimodules , with bimodule isomorphisms and (Morita equivalence is invertibility of a bimodule).
Verification
(The four subspaces.) Since is the matrix whose first column is the first column of and whose other columns vanish, ; dually , and with as identity, so as a field, the isomorphism being . The products land where claimed because and by [F1].
(The bimodule structures.) Left multiplication by and right multiplication by make a -bimodule: both actions are -linear, and associativity of matrix multiplication gives for , , , with acting by scalar multiplication by [F2]. Symmetrically is an -bimodule.
(.) The pairing from to is -bilinear and -balanced: by associativity for ; by [F3] it descends to a homomorphism with , which is a map of -bimodules because both the product and the tensor actions are induced from the two factors. The map , , is well defined, and for , one has and hence by -balance, so the two composites are the identities: for and . Hence is an isomorphism of -bimodules.
(.) The pairing from to is -bilinear and balanced over : is a case of associativity, and scalar balancing holds because acts as scalars by [F2]. By [F3] it descends to a homomorphism with , a map of -bimodules. Define the -linear inverse on the basis by ; this is well defined because the matrix units form a -basis of , and . Conversely, writing and one has and , so the two composites are the identities on a spanning set and hence everywhere. Thus is an isomorphism of -bimodules.
(Conclusion.) Step 3.1 gives the bimodule isomorphism and step 3.2 gives , so by [F4] the rings and are Morita equivalent with inverse pair of bimodules ; the explicit inverses are and extended -linearly, and the only elements used are the fixed matrix units, so no choice is used.
Depends on
- Morita equivalence is invertibility of a bimodule
- $(S,R)$-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions
- $M_n(F)$ is a ring under entrywise addition and matrix multiplication, including the zero ring $M_0(F)$
- Matrix multiplication is associative, unital, distributive, and compatible with scalar multiplication
- Finite rectangular matrices over a commutative ring, their entries, rows and columns
- Matrix units $E_{ij}$ and the Kronecker delta
- $E_{ij}E_{k\ell}=\delta_{jk}E_{i\ell}$
- Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups
- A formula on elementary tensors defines a homomorphism exactly when its underlying pairing is balanced
- Field
- Module homomorphism and isomorphism, kernel, image and cokernel
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- W. Crawley-Boevey, Noncommutative Algebra, §3.12, Examples (i)-(ii): R is Morita equivalent to M_n(R); idempotents Re, eR (standard reference, not scraped)
- nLab, Morita equivalence, Classical Morita theorem (bimodule inverses) (standard reference, not scraped)