Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: Not applicableaudited 2026-08-03
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Module homomorphism and isomorphism, kernel, image and cokernel

Definition

For left R-modules M,N, a function f:M→N is an R-module homomorphism if

f(m+m′)=f(m)+f(m′)andf(rm)=rf(m)

for all m,m′∈M and r∈R. It is a module isomorphism if it is a bijective module homomorphism.

Its kernel and image are

ker⁡f:={m∈M:f(m)=0N},im⁡f:={f(m):m∈M}.

Once Kernels and images of module homomorphisms are submodules, and injectivity is equivalent to trivial kernel ↗ establishes that the image is a submodule, the cokernel of f is the quotient module coker⁡f:=N/im⁡f.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

9 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources