Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-28
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Modules over a ring form an abelian category

Statement

For every ring R, the category R-Mod of left R-modules is an abelian category.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A ring R.

[L2]

The category R-Mod is complete and cocomplete (For every ring R, the category R-Mod is complete and cocomplete).

[L3]

Module kernels, images, and cokernels are the usual ones (Module homomorphism and isomorphism, kernel, image and cokernel).

[L4]

The first isomorphism theorem for modules identifies the coimage with the image (First isomorphism theorem for modules: M/ker⁡f≅im⁡f).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2

The hom-set of module homomorphisms is an abelian group under pointwise addition, and [L2] gives finite products and coproducts, namely the usual direct sums. So R-Mod is additive.

2.1L3L4∎

Every module homomorphism has the kernel and cokernel from [L3], and [L4] identifies M/ker⁡f with im⁡(f). Thus R-Mod satisfies the defining AB1 and AB2 clauses of Abelian category, so it is abelian.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

19 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources