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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
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- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Modules over a ring form an abelian category
Statement
For every ring , the category of left -modules is an abelian category.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A ring .
Left -modules and their homomorphisms form a category (Left modules over a fixed ring and module homomorphisms form the large locally small category ).
The category is complete and cocomplete (For every ring R, the category R-Mod is complete and cocomplete).
Module kernels, images, and cokernels are the usual ones (Module homomorphism and isomorphism, kernel, image and cokernel).
The first isomorphism theorem for modules identifies the coimage with the image (First isomorphism theorem for modules: ).
Proof
The hom-set of module homomorphisms is an abelian group under pointwise addition, and [L2] gives finite products and coproducts, namely the usual direct sums. So is additive.
Every module homomorphism has the kernel and cokernel from [L3], and [L4] identifies with . Thus satisfies the defining AB1 and AB2 clauses of Abelian category, so it is abelian.
Depends on
- Abelian category
- Left modules over a fixed ring and module homomorphisms form the large locally small category $R\text{-}\mathbf{Mod}$
- Module homomorphism and isomorphism, kernel, image and cokernel
- First isomorphism theorem for modules: $M/\ker f\cong\operatorname{im}f$
- For every ring R, the category R-Mod is complete and cocomplete
Used by
- Exact finite tensor functors have projective right-module kernels Corollary
- Exact module tensor functors correspond to right-flat bimodules Corollary
- Finite one-sided exactness is equivalent to the existence of the corresponding adjoint Corollary
- The center is Morita invariant, via natural endomorphisms of the identity Corollary
- A category with enough injectives but not enough projectives Counterexample
- A right exact module functor without coproduct preservation is not tensor Counterexample
- A module homomorphism factors as quotient by its kernel followed by inclusion of its image Example
- A nonsplit simple has Hom-pairing diagonal two Example
- A split exact complex contracts degree by degree Example
- A subcomplex and its quotient complex Example
- A two-term complex has kernel and cokernel homology Example
- An exact short sequence as an acyclic three-term complex Example
- Localization of modules gives an exact functor between module categories Example
- The dual numbers have Cartan map multiplication by two Example
- The kernel-cokernel sequence of a composite of module maps Example
- Vector spaces over a field form an abelian category Example
- FALSE: a short exact sequence splits whenever its middle object is isomorphic to the biproduct of the outer two False statement
- FALSE: every abelian category is equivalent to a module category False statement
- An additive module functor is cocontinuous exactly when it is right exact and preserves coproducts Lemma
- Bilinear right exact functors are determined by their value on the regular modules Lemma
- Finite-support families of finite-dimensional vector spaces are locally finite but not finite Lemma
- Natural transformations of additive cocontinuous module functors are determined at the regular module Lemma
- Small projective modules are exactly finitely generated projective modules; the progenerator identification Lemma
- The copower presentation construction is left adjoint to the generator Hom functor Lemma
- The opposite Deligne product is the category of finite bimodules Lemma
- Degree-zero Hochschild homology is bimodule coinvariants Proposition
- Elementwise formula for the connecting map in module categories Proposition
- Finite-dimensional module categories satisfy the intrinsic finiteness conditions Proposition
- Category O is abelian and extension closed among weight modules Theorem
- Exact adjoints induce adjoint operators on Grothendieck groups Theorem
- Finite Deligne products exist via tensor-product algebras Theorem
- Finite left exact functors are Hom functors with dual bimodule kernels Theorem
- Functoriality and coefficient long exact sequences for Hochschild homology Theorem
- Projective and simple classes are dual bases under splitting Theorem
- Projective Hom pairing descends and is graded sesquilinear Theorem
- Sheaves of abelian groups, and likewise sheaves of modules on a ringed space, form abelian categories Theorem
- The diagonal Koszul complex is a finite free resolution of R Theorem
- The two-sided bar complex is a projective Aᵉ-resolution Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
19 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Gautam Tamme, Algebra II Lecture 9, §9.4 (standard reference, not scraped)