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The opposite Deligne product is the category of finite bimodules
Statement
Let be finite -linear abelian categories with supplied module equivalences , ; use chosen small representatives. Here denotes the finite -linear -bimodules in these models, not modules over abstract categories themselves. Then there is an equivalence of -linear categories between the Deligne product of Finite Deligne products exist via tensor-product algebras and the category of finite-dimensional -bimodules (-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions, Opposite category ), carrying an external object to , where is the -dual of (Linear functionals and the algebraic dual , Vector space over a field) with the induced right -action and keeps its left -action (Unital left and right modules over a ring; unqualified module means left module). The equivalence is the transport of the identification (The opposite ring , The tensor product of -algebras has multiplication , Modules over a ring form an abelian category) along module models (Finite abelian categories admit finite-dimensional module models) and the exact contravariant duality (Finite module duality is exact with commuting bimodule actions). Moreover the universal property dualises: the bifunctor is also left exact in each variable, restriction along it induces equivalences for left-exact-in-each-variable bifunctors as well, and , so the left exact external-tensor formula of the categorical Eilenberg–Watts triangle on this page is an instance of the universal property in its dual form. The Deligne-product construction is under the AC assumption of its cited existence theorem; the duality and action identifications require no further choice.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Finite -linear abelian categories and a field .
The module equivalences and in the statement are supplied data. The module-model theorem provides such equivalences when splitting data are supplied; its unconditional conclusion is full faithfulness and objectwise essential surjectivity (Finite abelian categories admit finite-dimensional module models).
For a finite-dimensional -algebra , the -dual with the right -action is a contravariant -linear equivalence from to finite-dimensional left -modules, and it is exact (Finite module duality is exact with commuting bimodule actions).
For finite-dimensional -algebras the category with the tensor bifunctor is a Deligne product of and : restriction along that bifunctor is an equivalence between -linear right exact functors out of the Deligne product and -linear bifunctors right exact in each variable (Finite Deligne products exist via tensor-product algebras).
The tensor product of -algebras has the multiplication (The tensor product of -algebras has multiplication ), and an -bimodule is an abelian group that is a left -module and a right -module with commuting actions (-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions).
The tensor product is functorial in both variables with the identity and composition laws, and it is universal for balanced maps: every balanced map out of factors uniquely through (Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially, Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups).
The category of finite-dimensional modules over a finite-dimensional -algebra is a finite -linear abelian category in the intrinsic sense (Finite-dimensional module categories satisfy the intrinsic finiteness conditions).
The opposite ring has the reversed multiplication (The opposite ring ), and the opposite category reverses every morphism (Opposite category ). A functor is left exact when it preserves every finite limit that exists in its source and right exact when it preserves every finite colimit; passing to opposites interchanges limits with colimits (Left exact and right exact functors).
Proof
Use the supplied finite-dimensional unital -algebras and -linear equivalences of [F1] , (Equivalence, quasi-inverse, and adjoint equivalence of categories, Algebras over a commutative ring, central structure maps, and algebra homomorphisms, Finite-dimensional vector space, and its dimension ; infinite-dimensional means having no finite basis). The -dual with the right -action , equivalently the left -action , is a contravariant exact equivalence to [F2] (Linear functionals and the algebraic dual ), so it identifies with (Opposite category , The opposite ring ); and are finite -linear abelian categories [F6] (Abelian category, k-linear categories and k-linear functors).
By [F3] applied to the finite-dimensional algebras and , the category with its tensor bifunctor is a Deligne product of and , so transporting along step 1.1 identifies with . A left module over is a -vector space with commuting left - and left -actions [F4], that is, a -vector space with a right -action and a left -action that commute, i.e. a finite-dimensional -bimodule (-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions, Unital left and right modules over a ring; unqualified module means left module, Vector space over a field, Modules over a ring form an abelian category); under the equivalences of step 1.1 this is exactly the category of finite-dimensional -bimodules, so as -linear categories.
The universal bifunctor of is the transport of the tensor bifunctor of , so on the external object it sends to , where carries the induced right -action and its left -action [F2, F4, F5]. The symmetry of the tensor product over the field, induced by the balanced map and unique factorization through the tensor product [F5], is a natural isomorphism compatible with the two actions (Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially, Linear functionals and the algebraic dual ), so the equivalence carries to with those actions, as asserted.
The tensor product of finite-dimensional -vector spaces is exact in each variable: if is injective, then a -linear retraction of exists because a basis of the image of extends to a basis of the finite-dimensional space (Finite-dimensional vector space, and its dimension ; infinite-dimensional means having no finite basis), and by functoriality [F5], so is injective; right exactness in each variable holds by F3, so is also left exact in each variable (Left exact and right exact functors). Passing to opposites, , via the finite contravariant duality of [F2] for the algebra , followed by the algebra isomorphism , checked on elementary tensors [F4, F7]; by [F3] the category with its tensor bifunctor is a Deligne product of and , so transporting along step 1.1 gives the canonical equivalence .
The universal property dualises: a -linear functor out of is left exact exactly when its opposite functor out of is right exact [F7], and step 3.2 identifies that opposite source with , where [F3] is the equivalence for every -linear abelian ; applying the same duality to the bifunctors turns right exactness in each variable on into left exactness in each variable on [F7], so restriction along induces an equivalence as well (Equivalence, quasi-inverse, and adjoint equivalence of categories, Functor category , Natural transformation and its components); the left exact external-tensor formula of the categorical Eilenberg–Watts triangle on this page is therefore an instance of the universal property in its dual form. A second choice of module models is related to the first by a -linear equivalence [F1], and conjugating by it identifies the transported equivalences together with their universal bifunctors, so the construction is well defined up to an equivalence respecting the universal bifunctors; no commutativity of the algebras and no further choice beyond the supplied module equivalences and the existence theorem's AC-dependent data is used.
Depends on
- Abelian category
- Algebras over a commutative ring, central structure maps, and algebra homomorphisms
- Linear functionals and the algebraic dual $V^*=\mathcal L(V,F)$
- $(S,R)$-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions
- Finite-dimensional vector space, and its dimension $\dim_F V$; infinite-dimensional means having no finite basis
- Equivalence, quasi-inverse, and adjoint equivalence of categories
- Functor category $[\mathcal C,\mathcal D]$
- k-linear categories and k-linear functors
- Unital left and right modules over a ring; unqualified module means left module
- Left exact and right exact functors
- Natural transformation and its components
- Opposite category $\mathcal C^{\mathrm{op}}$
- The opposite ring $R^{\mathrm{op}}$
- Vector space over a field
- Finite module duality is exact with commuting bimodule actions
- Finite-dimensional module categories satisfy the intrinsic finiteness conditions
- Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially
- Finite abelian categories admit finite-dimensional module models
- Finite Deligne products exist via tensor-product algebras
- Modules over a ring form an abelian category
- The tensor product of $R$-algebras has multiplication $(a\otimes b)(a'\otimes b')=aa'\otimes bb'$
- Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups
Used by
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Sources
- Etingof, Gelaki, Nikshych, Ostrik, Tensor Categories, author final version, §1.11 (Definition 1.11.1 and Proposition 1.11.2 with its coalgebra-realization sketch), printed pp.15–16 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Fuchs, Schaumann, Schweigert, Eilenberg–Watts calculus for finite categories and a bimodule Radford S^4 theorem, arXiv:1612.04561v3, §2.1 (Lemma 2.1 and (2.1)), §2.3 ((2.6)–(2.9)), §2.4 (Proposition 2.8, Corollary 2.9 and (2.18)–(2.31)), §§3.1–3.2 (Definition 3.1, Theorem 3.2, Lemma 3.3, Proposition 3.4 and Corollaries 3.5–3.7), §3.5 (Definition 3.14, Lemmas 3.15–3.16 and (3.56)–(3.58)) (standard reference, not scraped)