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ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Oriented two-plane bundles over the two-sphere by winding number

Example

Oriented real two-plane bundles over S2 are indexed by the winding number mZ of their clutching map in π1(SO(2)). Reversing the chosen fiber orientation sends m to m.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: oriented rank-two real vector bundles over S2.

[F1]

Oriented rank-n bundles over Sk are classified by [Sk1,SO(n)], and reversing the chosen fiber orientation conjugates the clutching map by a reflection (Oriented clutching classifies oriented bundles over spheres).

[F2]

The degree map identifies the fundamental group of the circle with Z (Deg:π1(R/Z,[0])(Z,+) is an isomorphism).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1

The map R:R/ZSO(2) defined by R([t])=(cos(2πt)sin(2πt)sin(2πt)cos(2πt)) is a continuous group isomorphism with continuous inverse obtained from the oriented angle of the first column. Hence [F2] gives π1(SO(2),I)Z, with the class of tR([mt]) corresponding to m.

F2construct
2.1

Apply [F1] with n=k=2. Since SO(2) is path connected, the unbased set [S1,SO(2)] is identified with its fundamental group; it is abelian, so changing the path used to the basepoint causes no conjugacy ambiguity. Step 1.1 therefore assigns exactly one integer m to each oriented bundle, and every m is realized by clutching with tR([mt]). In particular m=0 gives the trivial oriented bundle.

F1step 1.1
3.1

Take the reflection r=diag(1,1). Direct multiplication gives rR([t])r1=R([t]). Thus the orientation-reversal action from [F1] sends the loop of winding m to the loop of winding m, as asserted. The calculation uses no choice principle.

F1step 1.1step 2.1algebra

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources