Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Over a field the cross product itself is a natural isomorphism

Example

Assume AC and let k be a field. Take C0=ka, C1=kb, D0=ku, D1=kv, all other terms zero, and every differential zero. In the direct-sum tensor total complex the homology bases are H0:k(au),H1:k(bu)k(av),H2:k(bv). All other homology groups vanish. Every Tor correction is zero. More generally, over k, the cross product is a natural isomorphism for any nonnegative free complexes as in the AC-qualified PID Kunneth theorem; its inverse is determined by the cross product itself.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The field, complexes, and The Axiom of Choice in the example.

[F1]

Nonnegative free PID complexes have the natural Kunneth short exact sequence under AC: The natural PID Kunneth sequence is exact.

[F2]

Under AC, every module over a field is free and projective: Modules over a field are projective, flat, and injective. Only those clauses are used.

[F3]

Balanced Tor is computed using either supplied projective resolution: The balanced Tor bifunctor.

[F4]

A self-map of a set can be iterated from any prescribed initial element: The recursion theorem.

[F5]

DC is the assertion that every entire relation on a nonempty set has such a sequence from a prescribed initial point: The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an N-indexed chain.

Verification

1.1

A field is a PID: a nonzero ideal contains c0, hence also c1c=1 and so is the whole field; the remaining ideal is (0). The displayed complexes are nonnegative and have free terms with their stated bases, so [F1] applies. Each factor has zero differential, and the Koszul formula gives d(au)=d(bu)=d(av)=d(bv)=0. The only tensor terms are exactly those displayed in degrees 0,1,2.

F1given
1.2

First derive the DC hypothesis of [F3] from the assumed AC. Given an entire relation E on a nonempty set S and aS, AC chooses for each xS an element f(x) of the nonempty successor set Ex={y:xEy}. By [F4], iterate f from a to obtain x0=a and xm+1=f(xm), so xmExm+1 for every m; this is [F5]. Now for any k-modules U,V, [F2] makes both projective under AC. Supply the resolutions having U, respectively V, only in degree zero and identity augmentation. The tensor resolution then has no positive-degree terms, so its homology in every degree i>0 is zero. Hence [F3] gives Tor1k(U,V)=0, including zero U or V. In particular every summand in the Kunneth Tor term vanishes for any complexes under discussion.

givenF2F3F4F5
2.1

These tensors are bases: for example (λb)(μu)λμ and νν(bu) are inverse linear maps kbkuk, since balancing identifies (λb)(μu) with (λμ)(bu). The same formulas apply to the other three one-dimensional factors. In degree one the two bidegrees form a direct sum. As all differentials vanish, every element is a cycle and the only boundary is zero; this proves the listed homology bases and vanishing elsewhere.

step 1.1
3.1

Exactness in [F1] now makes the cross product αn injective and surjective for every n. In this instance it sends [a][u], [b][u], [a][v], [b][v] to the four homology basis elements in that order. Its inverse sends those four elements back to the four tensors of classes, extended linearly. Both composites fix a basis and therefore every element. Degree zero has an empty Tor sum; degree one has the single zero group Tor1(k,k); in higher degrees the same vanishing argument applies, including where every term is zero.

F1step 2.1step 1.2
4.1

For arbitrary maps of such complexes write h for the induced map on tensor-complex homology and k for the induced map on the tensor of homologies. Naturality in [F1] gives hαn=αnk. Multiplying by the inverses just proved gives αn1h=kαn1. Hence the inverse is natural as well. There is no selected complement in this inverse: it is the unique inverse of the canonical cross product after the Tor term vanishes.

F1step 3.1

Depends on

Used by

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