How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Two homology theories with different coefficient groups
Example
Singular homology with coefficients and with coefficients both satisfy the ordinary homology axioms on CW pairs. They are not naturally equivalent: the specified coefficient group is essential in uniqueness.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement above.
For any abelian group , and for every integer . For every set-indexed family of pairs the canonical map is an isomorphism. Together with the structural axioms, singular homology is an ordinary theory with coefficient group . (Singular homology satisfies dimension and arbitrary additivity)
For any two ordinary homology theories on all CW pairs and a specified coefficient isomorphism , there is a unique natural equivalence normalized by and commuting with connecting homomorphisms. In particular, a theory with coefficient group is naturally equivalent to singular homology with coefficients , normalized by . Arbitrary additivity is part of the hypotheses. (Eilenberg steenrod uniqueness on all cw pairs)
Verification
Apply [F1] with and with . Both yield ordinary theories, and their degree-zero groups at a point are respectively and .
Any natural equivalence would in particular supply an isomorphism between these two groups at that point. No such isomorphism exists: every element of is annihilated by , whereas in . The coefficient-isomorphism hypothesis of [F2] is therefore not satisfied, and its uniqueness assertion makes no equivalence claim for these two theories.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
8 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Axioms for Homology, coefficient discussion p.161 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Miller, Algebraic Topology I lecture notes, Definition 11.1, p.26 (standard reference, not scraped)