Alphabeta Math
False statementConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-13
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

False: ergodicity implies strong mixing

Statement

Assuming countable choice, the assertion that every ergodic probability-preserving transformation is strongly mixing is false: any irrational circle rotation gives a counterexample.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Irrational circle rotations preserve Lebesgue probability and are ergodic. Circle rotation is ergodic for Lebesgue measure exactly at irrational angles.

[F2]

Irrational rotations have arbitrarily large positive iterates arbitrarily close to zero. Irrational circle orbits are dense.

[F3]

Strong mixing requires every set correlation to tend to the product of measures. Strong and weak mixing on a probability space.

Refutation

Given: Assuming countable choice, the assertion that every ergodic probability-preserving transformation is strongly mixing is false: any irrational circle rotation gives a counterexample.

1.1

Fix an irrational α and the ergodic Lebesgue system Rα of [F1]. Set A=[0,1/2), of measure 1/2. By [F2], define recursively nj to be the least integer greater than nj1, with n0=0, such that d({njα},0)<1/(j+3). The existence is [F2] and leastness gives unique choices. Thus nj and δj=d({njα},0)0.

F1F2
2.1

For a translation by a circle displacement with representative t[1/2,1/2], the half-circle A and its inverse translate overlap in length 1/2t: if 0t1/2, the part in A is [0,1/2t), up to endpoints, and for 1/2t0 it is [t,1/2). Consequently λ(ARαnjA)=1/2δj1/2. Strong mixing in [F3] would require the full sequence, hence this subsequence, to tend to λ(A)2=1/4. Since 1/21/4, mixing fails. Countable choice is inherited only from the ergodic Lebesgue system in [F1]; the return-index recursion is canonical.

1.1F1F3

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

15 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources