How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
False: ergodicity implies strong mixing
Statement
Assuming countable choice, the assertion that every ergodic probability-preserving transformation is strongly mixing is false: any irrational circle rotation gives a counterexample.
Facts & Assumptions
Irrational circle rotations preserve Lebesgue probability and are ergodic. Circle rotation is ergodic for Lebesgue measure exactly at irrational angles.
Irrational rotations have arbitrarily large positive iterates arbitrarily close to zero. Irrational circle orbits are dense.
Strong mixing requires every set correlation to tend to the product of measures. Strong and weak mixing on a probability space.
Refutation
Given: Assuming countable choice, the assertion that every ergodic probability-preserving transformation is strongly mixing is false: any irrational circle rotation gives a counterexample.
Fix an irrational and the ergodic Lebesgue system of [F1]. Set , of measure . By [F2], define recursively to be the least integer greater than , with , such that . The existence is [F2] and leastness gives unique choices. Thus and .
For a translation by a circle displacement with representative , the half-circle and its inverse translate overlap in length : if , the part in is , up to endpoints, and for it is . Consequently . Strong mixing in [F3] would require the full sequence, hence this subsequence, to tend to . Since , mixing fails. Countable choice is inherited only from the ergodic Lebesgue system in [F1]; the return-index recursion is canonical.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
15 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- E–W Example 2.33 (standard reference, not scraped)