Alphabeta Math
False statementConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-12
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FALSE: every countable language is decidable

Statement

Every countable language is decidable.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The unary alphabet {1}.

[L1]

By Finite, countably infinite, countable, uncountable, a language is countable when it is finite or countably infinite.

[L2]

By Turing machines admit an effective enumeration, the coded deterministic one-tape Turing machines can be effectively listed.

[L3]

By Decidable and recognizable languages, a decider for a language must halt on every input and give the correct membership answer.

[L4]

By A fixed effective binary encoding of deterministic one-tape Turing machines, a coded machine has input alphabet Σs={1,,s}, so every coded machine with s1 can read every unary word 1n as a legal input.

[F1]

Any deterministic one-tape decider over the unary alphabet can be put in the normalized coded form by relabelling its finite state and tape alphabets, adding unreachable designated states if necessary, and filling any omitted transition entries with a rejecting transition. This preserves its behavior on unary inputs.

Refutation

technique · direct
1.1

The set {1} is countable by length, so write its elements as wn:=1n for n0. Filter the effective list from [L2] by keeping only the coded machines whose input-alphabet parameter satisfies s1; by [L4], this gives an effective enumeration N0,N1,N2, of all coded deterministic one-tape machines that can read every unary word. Let D:={wn:Nn does not accept wn}. By [L1], the language D is countable because it is a subset of the countable set {1}.

L1L2L4givenconstruct
2.1

Suppose a decider decides D. By [F1], an equivalent coded decider occurs as some Nk in the filtered enumeration. If wkD, then step 1.1 says that Nk does not accept wk, contradicting the requirement that a decider for D accept members. If wkD, then step 1.1 says that Nk accepts wk, contradicting the requirement that a decider reject nonmembers.

L3F1step 1.1
3.1

Thus no decider decides the countable language D, so the statement is false.

step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

19 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources