Alphabeta Math
False statementConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
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Not every weight vector is highest

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Every weight vector in a finite-dimensional module over a complex semisimple Lie algebra is a highest weight vector.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice, the Lie algebra sl2(C) with its standard basis e,f,h (The special linear Lie algebra sl_2), the Cartan subalgebra h=Ch, the root α with α(h)=2, the positive system {α}, and the standard two-dimensional module V=C2 with basis u1=(10), u2=(01), on which e,f,h act by their matrices e=(0100), f=(0010), h=(1001).

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed; it enters through the root-space and highest-weight theory used below (The Axiom of Choice).

[L1]

For the chosen root and positive system the subalgebra n+ is the root space gα, which for sl2 equals Ce because [h,e]=2e (Positive and negative nilpotent subalgebras and the Borel, The special linear Lie algebra sl_2).

[L2]

A weight vector vVμ is a highest weight vector exactly when it is nonzero and n+v=0 (Highest-weight vectors and modules, Weight and weight space).

[L3]

The matrix action on the basis is hu1=u1, hu2=u2, eu1=0, eu2=u1, so u1 has weight α/2 and u2 has weight α/2, and V is a finite-dimensional module (The special linear Lie algebra sl_2, Finite-dimensional representations of sl_2).

Refutation

technique · direct
1.1

The vector u2 is a weight vector: hu2=(1)u2, so with μ the functional μ(h)=1 we have 0u2Vμ.

L3A1
1.2

But u2 is not a highest weight vector: en+ by [L1] and eu2=u10 by [L3], so n+u20 and [L2] excludes u2 from the highest weight vectors.

L1L2L3
2.1

Hence the finite-dimensional sl2-module V contains the weight vector u2 that is not a highest weight vector, so the universal statement of the Statement section is false; the failed conclusion is that n+ must annihilate every weight vector.

step 1.1step 1.2

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources