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A given ultrafilter on a compact Hausdorff space has a unique limit
Statement
Every ultrafilter on a compact Hausdorff space converges to exactly one point. This statement concerns a given ultrafilter and uses no ultrafilter-extension or other choice principle.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A compact Hausdorff space and an ultrafilter on .
Compactness is equivalent to the assertion that every family of closed subsets with the finite-intersection property has nonempty intersection (A space is compact exactly when every family of closed subsets with the finite intersection property has nonempty intersection).
Every cluster point of an ultrafilter is a limit of that ultrafilter (Every cluster point of an ultrafilter is a limit of that ultrafilter).
Distinct points in a Hausdorff space have disjoint open neighbourhoods (Hausdorff space: distinct points have disjoint open neighbourhoods; every metrizable space is Hausdorff and the indiscrete topology on two points is not).
Proof
The closed members of have the finite-intersection property: a finite intersection remains in the filter and cannot be empty.
By compactness and [L1], choose a point in the intersection of all closed members of . If , no ultrafilter exists, so the universal assertion is vacuous.
For every , its closure also belongs to and contains ; hence every neighbourhood of meets every member of . Thus is a cluster point and therefore a limit by [L2].
If and were distinct limits, [L3] would give disjoint open neighbourhoods of and of . Both would belong to , forcing into the filter, a contradiction. Hence the limit is unique, including in a singleton space.
Depends on
- Open cover, subcover, and compact topological space; a compact subset is a subspace that is compact in its own right
- Hausdorff space: distinct points have disjoint open neighbourhoods; every metrizable space is Hausdorff and the indiscrete topology on two points is not
- Convergence and cluster points of a filter on a topological space
- Ultrafilter
- A space is compact exactly when every family of closed subsets with the finite intersection property has nonempty intersection
- Every cluster point of an ultrafilter is a limit of that ultrafilter
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- J. Goubault-Larrecq, Algebras of filter-related monads: I. Ultrafilters and Manes' theorem (standard reference, not scraped)
- E. Riehl, Category Theory in Context, 2nd ed., Corollary 5.5.6 (standard reference, not scraped)