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The ultrafilter-limit map of a compact Hausdorff space is an algebra for the ultrafilter monad

Statement

Let X be compact Hausdorff, and define ξX:βXX by sending each ultrafilter to its unique limit. Then ξX is an algebra for the ultrafilter monad:

ξXηX=1X,ξXμX=ξXβ(ξX).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A compact Hausdorff space X and its ultrafilter-limit map ξX.

[L1]

Every ultrafilter on a compact Hausdorff space has exactly one limit (A given ultrafilter on a compact Hausdorff space has a unique limit).

[L2]

The ultrafilter monad has principal unit ηX(x)={AX:xA} and flattening multiplication μX(W)={AX:A^W}, where A^={U:AU} (The ultrafilter endofunctor with principal unit and flattening multiplication).

[L3]

A T-algebra structure a satisfies aη=1 and aT(a)=aμ (Algebra and algebra homomorphism for a monad).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

By [L1], ξX is defined on every ultrafilter. When X=, both βX and X are empty and the unique empty map satisfies the equations below.

L1construct
2.1

The principal ultrafilter ηX(x) contains every neighbourhood of x, so it converges to x. Uniqueness in [L1] gives ξXηX(x)=x for every x.

step 1.1L2algebra
2.2

Let W be an ultrafilter on βX. If an open neighbourhood O of a point belongs to the pushforward β(ξX)(W), then ξX1[O]W. Every ultrafilter whose limit lies in O contains O, so ξX1[O]O^; upward closure gives O^W, hence OμX(W) by [L2]. Thus every limit of the pushforward is a limit of the flattening.

step 1.1L2algebra
3.1

Both ultrafilters in step 2.2 have unique limits by [L1], so their limits coincide: ξXβ(ξX)(W)=ξXμX(W).

step 2.2L1
4.1

Steps 2.1 and 3.1 are exactly the unit and multiplication equations in [L3], so ξX is an ultrafilter algebra.

step 2.1step 3.1L3

Depends on

Used by

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