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Under the ultrafilter lemma, compact Hausdorff spaces and ultrafilter algebras are recovered by the two limit constructions

Statement

Assume UL/BPI. The following constructions are inverse on objects and morphisms:

  1. a compact Hausdorff space X is sent to the ultrafilter algebra whose structure map takes each ultrafilter to its unique limit;
  2. an ultrafilter algebra ξ:βXX is sent to its induced compact Hausdorff topology.

In particular, rebuilding the algebra recovers ξ, rebuilding the topology recovers the original topology, continuous maps are algebra homomorphisms, and algebra homomorphisms are continuous. Thus the two concrete categories are isomorphic over Set.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: UL/BPI, the limit-algebra construction on compact Hausdorff spaces, and the induced-topology construction on ultrafilter algebras.

[L1]

The ultrafilter-limit map of a compact Hausdorff space is an algebra for the ultrafilter monad (The ultrafilter-limit map of a compact Hausdorff space is an algebra for the ultrafilter monad).

[L2]

Under UL/BPI, an ultrafilter algebra maps each ultrafilter to its unique limit in the induced topology (Under the ultrafilter lemma, an ultrafilter algebra maps each ultrafilter to its unique limit).

[L3]

Every continuous map of compact Hausdorff spaces is an ultrafilter-algebra homomorphism (A continuous map of compact Hausdorff spaces is an ultrafilter-algebra homomorphism).

[L4]

Under UL/BPI, the topology induced by an ultrafilter algebra ξ:βXX is compact and Hausdorff (Under the ultrafilter lemma, every ultrafilter algebra determines a compact Hausdorff topology).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Starting with an algebra ξ, [L4] makes its induced topology compact Hausdorff, so the limit construction of clause 1 applies to it, and [L2] says that the unique-limit map of that topology is exactly ξ. Thus the algebra is recovered on the nose, including on an empty or singleton carrier.

L2L4
1.2

Starting with a compact Hausdorff topology τ, every τ-open set is open for the limit algebra because a convergent ultrafilter contains each neighbourhood of its limit. Conversely, if O is not a τ-neighbourhood of some xO, the neighbourhood filter at x together with XO has the finite-intersection property; UL/BPI extends it to an ultrafilter converging to x but not containing O, contradicting induced openness. Hence the rebuilt topology is exactly τ.

L1construct
1.3

The forward morphism direction is [L3]: every continuous map preserves unique ultrafilter limits and is an algebra homomorphism.

L3
1.4

Conversely, let f:(X,ξX)(Y,ξY) be an algebra homomorphism. If O is induced-open in Y and ξX(U)f1[O], then ξY(βf(U))=f(ξX(U))O, so Oβf(U) and hence f1[O]U. Thus every preimage of an induced-open set is induced-open, and f is continuous.

L2construct
2.1

Steps 1.1 and 1.2 recover both object structures, while steps 1.3 and 1.4 identify both morphism classes. The assignments therefore define inverse functors over Set.

step 1.1step 1.2step 1.3step 1.4

Depends on

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