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The Helmholtz double layer has a common weak conormal

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. On the C2 surface of The combined-field operator for smooth-boundary Helmholtz scattering, the extensions of Smooth-boundary trace lifts and Sobolev Helmholtz layer extensions satisfy, for ϕ∈H1/2(Γ) and λ∈H−1/2(Γ), γ−Dkϕ−γ+Dkϕ=−ϕ,∂n−Dkϕ−∂n+Dkϕ=0, γ−Skλ−γ+Skλ=0,∂n−Skλ−∂n+Skλ=λ. Trace and conormal equalities hold in H1/2(Γ) and H−1/2(Γ), respectively; both conormals use the same normal n pointing out of Ω−.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice and the densities in the Statement.

[F1]

The layers have bounded piecewise H1 restrictions, weak conormals, common single-layer trace and double-layer trace jump −ϕ, with their distributional source representations proved in Smooth-boundary trace lifts and Sobolev Helmholtz layer extensions.

Proof

1.1F1givenalgebra

For any piecewise H1 Helmholtz solution u with jumps [γu]=γ−u−γ+u and [q]=q−−q+, apply the two weak Green identities of [F1] to a compactly supported smooth test v. The outer artificial boundary contributes zero, and the opposite orientations of the inner boundary give ⟨Pku,v⟩=⟨[q],v∣Γ⟩bil−∫Γ[γu]∂nv dS. The subscript indicates the complex-bilinear version of weak duality; conjugating the test converts this to the sesquilinear convention. For u=Dkϕ, the differentiated kernel source identity is ⟨PkDkϕ,v⟩=∫Γϕ∂nv dS. Substituting [γu]=−ϕ from [F1] cancels these terms, leaving ⟨[q],v∣Γ⟩bil=0. Traces of smooth ambient tests are dense in H1/2(Γ) by the chart lift/approximation construction in [F1], so [q]=0 in H−1/2.

2.1F1step 1.1givenalgebra∎

For u=Skλ, [F1] gives zero trace jump and ⟨PkSkλ,v⟩=λ(v∣Γ). The identity of step 1.1 reduces to ⟨[q]−λ,v∣Γ⟩bil=0. The same density and boundedness give [q]=λ. Together with the trace assertions of [F1], this proves all four identities.

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