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Global length of a plane complete intersection equals the degree product
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let and be plane projective curves of degrees over the algebraically closed field with no common component, and put Projective scheme of a homogeneous quotient and its standard affine charts. Then the total length of is , and since every point of is -rational (the residue field is a finite extension of the algebraically closed field ) this reads
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, an algebraically closed field , plane projective curves , of degrees with no common component, and .
and are nonzero homogeneous forms of positive degrees and have no common nonconstant factor: a common nonconstant factor would have an irreducible factor , and then would be a component of both and Plane projective curves and their components.
For nonzero plane forms of positive degrees with no common nonconstant factor, is nonempty and finite, its charts are zero-dimensional, and its total length in the sense of Total length of a zero-dimensional projective scheme equals : Two coprime projective plane forms meet in total length equal to their degree product. Equivalently Algebraic Bezout formula as a sum of local scheme lengths.
For each the residue field is a finite extension of The residue field at a point of an affine scheme, The degree of a finite field extension, and a finite extension of an algebraically closed field is trivial, i.e. A field is algebraically closed exactly when every nonconstant polynomial splits, equivalently when it has no nontrivial finite extension, An algebraically closed field: every nonconstant polynomial has a root in the field.
AC is assumed; it is used through the complete-intersection length theorem and the projective-scheme construction The Axiom of Choice. No further choice enters.
Proof
By [F1] the pair satisfies the hypotheses of the published complete-intersection length theorem, so the projective scheme is zero-dimensional with finite point set and its total length over is , the sum of the local lengths weighted by residue degrees.
For every point the residue field is a finite extension of the algebraically closed field , hence equals and has degree .
Substituting the residue degrees of step 1.2 into the weighted sum of step 1.1 gives , which is the displayed equality.
Depends on
- Algebraic Bezout formula as a sum of local scheme lengths
- An algebraically closed field: every nonconstant polynomial has a root in the field
- The Axiom of Choice
- The degree $[K:F]=\dim_F K$ of a finite field extension
- Plane projective curves and their components
- Projective scheme of a homogeneous quotient and its standard affine charts
- The residue field at a point of an affine scheme
- Total length of a zero-dimensional projective scheme
- A field is algebraically closed exactly when every nonconstant polynomial splits, equivalently when it has no nontrivial finite extension
- Two coprime projective plane forms meet in total length equal to their degree product
Used by
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Sources
- William Fulton, Algebraic Curves: An Introduction to Algebraic Geometry (2008 electronic edition; Internet Archive copy of the author's PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Andreas Gathmann, Algebraic Geometry class notes (2002), Sections 6.1-6.2 (standard reference, not scraped)