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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-14
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A Bochner density defines an absolutely continuous vector measure

Statement

If f:Ω→X is Bochner integrable and νf(E):=∫Ef dμ, then νf is a norm-countably additive vector measure, νf≪μ, and

∣νf∣(E)=∫E∥f∥ dμ

for every measurable E.

Facts & Assumptions

[L1]

Vector measures, variation, and absolute continuity have the stated norm and partition meanings (Banach-valued vector measure and variation).

[L2]

Bochner integrals satisfy the norm inequality (Bochner integral norm inequality).

[L3]

For an integrable scalar function, its indefinite integral is countably additive (The indefinite integral of an integrable function is countably additive on measurable sets).

[L4]

A Bochner-integrable function has integrable scalar norm and one defining L1 simple approximation (Bochner integrability criterion, Bochner-integrable function). If s=∑jxj1Aj is integrable simple, then ∫Es=∑jμ(E∩Aj)xj (Banach-valued simple function and integral), and this integral is representation-independent and linear (The Banach-valued simple integral is well defined).

[L5]

Bounded variation makes variation a finite measure (Bounded variation of a vector measure is a finite measure).

Proof

technique · direct

Given: A Bochner-integrable f and the set function νf in the Statement.

1.1givenL1L2L3L4

Establish scalar control and absolute continuity. By [L4], ∥f∥ is integrable. Put ρ(E)=∫E∥f∥. By [L3], ρ is a finite positive measure. By [L2], ∥νf(E)∥≤ρ(E), so νf≪μ. For every finite partition (Ej) of E, summing the same inequality gives ∑j∥νf(Ej)∥≤ρ(E); hence ∣νf∣(E)≤ρ(E) by [L1].

1.2L4choose

Fix a simple approximation for the reverse variation bound. Choose integrable simple sn with ∫∥f−sn∥→0 as supplied by [L4]. For fixed E, partition E into the nonzero level sets of sn and the remaining zero cell.

2.1L2L3step 1.1

Prove norm countable additivity without a new choice. For disjoint (Ek) with union E, finite additivity follows from simple approximation and [L4]. Moreover ∥νf(E)−∑k=1Nνf(Ek)∥=∥νf(E∖⋃k=1NEk)∥≤ρ(E∖⋃k=1NEk)→0 by countable additivity of the finite measure ρ. Thus νf is norm-countably additive.

2.2L2L4step 1.1step 1.2

Prove the reverse variation inequality. On the partition from step 1.2, [L2] and [L4] give ∣νf∣(E)≥∫E∥sn∥−∫E∥f−sn∥. The pointwise inequality ∥sn∥≥∥f∥−∥f−sn∥ then yields ∣νf∣(E)≥ρ(E)−2∫E∥f−sn∥. Letting n→∞ proves ∣νf∣(E)≥ρ(E).

3.1L1L5step 1.1step 2.1step 2.2∎

Combine the bounds and close all cases. [L1, L5, step 1.1, step 2.1, step 2.2] Steps 1.1 and 2.2 give ∣νf∣=ρ; step 2.1 gives the required vector measure. In particular variation is finite (consistently with [L5]). For E=∅, f=0, or a one-level simple density, the equality reduces respectively to 0=0, 0=0, or ∥μ(E∩A)x∥=μ(E∩A)∥x∥.

Depends on

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