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Dentable average ranges give vector-measure densities
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. If every nonempty bounded closed convex subset of a Banach space is dentable, then has the Radon--Nikodym property.
Facts & Assumptions
The Axiom of Choice supplies choices from arbitrary nonempty families (The Axiom of Choice).
RNP asks for a Bochner density of every bounded-variation vector measure absolutely continuous with respect to a finite scalar measure (Radon--Nikodym property).
Dentability means existence of slices of arbitrarily small norm diameter (Dentable bounded set and slice).
The variation of a bounded-variation vector measure is a finite positive measure (Bounded variation of a vector measure is a finite measure).
Under AC, an absolutely continuous finite scalar measure has an integrable Radon--Nikodym density (A sigma-finite signed measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has a unique almost-everywhere density), and integration against that density agrees with integration for the density measure (Integrating against a density agrees with integrating the product).
A Bochner density measure has variation equal to the integral of its norm (A Bochner density defines an absolutely continuous vector measure).
Strong measurability plus finite norm integral is equivalent to Bochner integrability (Bochner integrability criterion); nonnegative monotone convergence controls increasing sums (Monotone convergence for the integral).
Simple Banach-valued integrals are linear and computed level by level (The Banach-valued simple integral is well defined).
Proof
Given: The dentability hypothesis and data from [L1].
Normalize by the variation measure. Put . By [L3], is finite, and implies by refining subsets of a -null set. If , has the zero density. Otherwise [L4], using [A1], gives with . We first construct a density with respect to , for which holds tautologically.
Pass dentability to every average range. For with , put and . Then . The closed convex hull is nonempty, bounded, and dentable by hypothesis. A small slice of meets , because its defining supremum over equals the supremum over ; its intersection with has no larger diameter. Thus every is dentable.
Find a positive subset with a small average range. Fix and positive . If every positive had , then for each such and every some positive would satisfy . Using [A1] and a maximal-disjoint-family argument, choose disjoint positive with which exhaust modulo . Norm countable additivity gives , so lies in the closed convex hull of points of more than away. A slice of of diameter less than cannot contain both and a member of this convex combination above the same slice threshold, contradicting step 1.2. Hence some positive has .
Exhaust the space by good pieces and estimate the error. Choose a maximal disjoint family of positive sets with . Step 2.1 forces it to cover modulo ; finiteness of makes the family countable. Put . Its finite partial sums show strong measurability, and , so [L6] gives Bochner integrability. For measurable , is the sum over of (zero intersections omitted). Consequently every finite partition of gives the variation estimate .
Produce an -Cauchy sequence. Use [A1] to choose for all . By [L5] and the triangle inequality for variation, . Thus the series of differences is summable.
Construct and identify the normalized density. By [L6], monotone convergence applied to shows that the norm series is finite a.e. Hence, by completeness of , converges a.e. to a strongly measurable , and the same tail estimate gives in . The criterion in [L6] makes Bochner integrable. For every , step 3.1 and the norm integral inequality give . Thus .
Transfer the density back to the original control measure. Set (and where ). Products of scalar and vector simple approximants show that is strongly measurable. By [L4], , so [L6] makes Bochner integrable. If in are simple, [L7] and [L4] give level by level, while [L4] identifies the two errors. Passing to the limit yields .
Conclude RNP and record the choice cost. [A1, L1, step 6.1] The construction applies to arbitrary data in [L1], so has RNP. The exact non-finite uses of [A1] are scalar Radon--Nikodym in step 1.1, maximal disjoint families in steps 2.1 and 3.1, and simultaneous selection of the sequence in step 4.1. Empty and zero-variation cases were settled in step 1.1; one-piece exhaustions are included in step 3.1.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Radon--Nikodym property
- Dentable bounded set and slice
- Bochner integrability criterion
- Bounded variation of a vector measure is a finite measure
- A sigma-finite signed measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has a unique almost-everywhere density
- A Bochner density defines an absolutely continuous vector measure
- Integrating against a density agrees with integrating the product
- Monotone convergence for the integral
- The Banach-valued simple integral is well defined
Used by
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Sources
- Gilles Pisier, Martingales in Banach Spaces (standard reference, not scraped)