How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The boundary intersection pairing is well defined and rationally nondegenerate
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be a compact connected oriented smooth four-manifold with rational-homology-sphere boundary . The signed intersection pairing on interior two-cycles descends to a symmetric integer-valued bilinear form on , this group is free of finite rank, and the form is nondegenerate after extending scalars to . The form need not be unimodular.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Full AC and a compact connected oriented smooth four-manifold with and .
The long exact sequence of the pair contains . Both end groups vanish by the boundary hypothesis. Long exact sequence of a pair
Poincaré–Lefschetz duality identifies with . Poincaré–Lefschetz duality
Over the field , the universal-coefficient theorem identifies with . The universal coefficient theorem for cohomology over a PID
Double along a boundary collar; the resulting closed smooth manifold has finite CW homotopy type under full AC. Folding the second copy into the first makes a homotopy retract of the double, so is a direct summand of a finitely generated group. Collar neighborhood theorem A closed smooth manifold has the homotopy type of a finite CW complex
The boundary intersection form is the signed intersection pairing on interior representatives. Intersection lattice of a four-manifold with rational-homology-sphere boundary
Full AC is assumed for the finite-CW homotopy-type supplier [F4].
Proof
Given: The data and suppliers [F1]–[F5].
The collar of lets every absolute two-cycle be moved into . The signed transverse intersection number is integer-valued and bilinear. Since , [F1] shows that is an isomorphism.
The pairing map over is the composite . Every map in this composite is an isomorphism by step 1.1, [F2], and [F3], so the form is rationally nondegenerate.
By [F4] and [A1], is finitely generated, so its torsion-free quotient is a finite-rank free abelian group. If has finite order , bilinearity gives in , hence ; the same argument applies in the other variable. Thus the form descends to the torsion-free quotient. The four-dimensional cup-product sign is , so the form is symmetric.
Depends on
- Intersection lattice of a four-manifold with rational-homology-sphere boundary
- Poincaré–Lefschetz duality
- The universal coefficient theorem for cohomology over a PID
- Long exact sequence of a pair
- A closed smooth manifold has the homotopy type of a finite CW complex
- Collar neighborhood theorem
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
48 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)