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Local Cauchy transform with smooth parameters

Statement

Assume AC. Let P=D1×⋯×Dn⊆Cn be a polydisc, fix 1≤k≤n, and let Dk′⋐Dk be a closed coordinate disc. There are an open coordinate disc Dk′′ with Dk′⊂Dk′′⋐Dk and a cutoff χ∈Cc∞(Dk) equal to 1 on Dk′′ such that the operator

Tkg(z)=12πi∫Cχ(ζ) g(z1,…,zk−1,ζ,zk+1,…,zn)ζ−zk dζ∧dζˉ

is smooth on P′′=D1×⋯×Dk′′×⋯×Dn for every g∈C∞(P). On P′′, ∂zˉkTkg=g. If ∂zˉℓg=0 for a selected set of indices ℓ≠k, then ∂zˉℓTkg=0 for each of them.

For g∈Cc∞(Cn) the same operator without χ is globally smooth and satisfies ∂zˉkTkg=g and ∂zˉℓTkg=Tk(∂zˉℓg) for every ℓ≠k.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Assume AC; P is an open polydisc, Dk′⋐Dk, and g is smooth on P or compactly supported smooth on Cn.

[F1]

A compact subset of an open set admits a smooth cutoff equal to 1 on a neighborhood and supported inside that open set (A manifold bump for a compact set inside an open set).

[F2]

Full AC means every family of nonempty sets has a choice function (The Axiom of Choice), and the Cauchy–Pompeiu theorem explicitly assumes AC (The Cauchy–Pompeiu formula with fixed signs).

[F3]

Under its stated hypotheses, Cauchy–Pompeiu expresses f(z) as the boundary Cauchy integral plus the area integral of ∂ζˉf(ζ)/(ζ−z) (The Cauchy–Pompeiu formula with fixed signs).

[F4]

The coefficient formula for ∂ˉ uses the partial derivatives ∂zˉj on the coefficients (Bigraded complex forms and the Dolbeault operators).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1givenconstruct

Apply [F1] on the manifold C to K=Dk′ and W=Dk, obtaining χ∈Cc∞(Dk) equal to 1 on an open neighborhood of Dk′. Compact containment lets us choose an open coordinate disc Dk′′ containing Dk′ with closure inside that neighborhood. For fixed z′=(z1,…,z^k,…,zn), extend h(z′,ζ)=χ(ζ)g(z′,ζ) by zero from Dk to C; the extension is smooth and supported in the fixed compact set K0=supp⁡χ.

1.2givenalgebra

In the local integral change variables η=ζ−zk and write h~(z,η)=h(z′,zk+η), so Tkg(z)=12πi∫Ch~(z,η)η−1 dη∧dηˉ. For any compact parameter set Q⋐P′′, the support of h~ and all its real parameter derivatives lies in a common disk ∣η∣≤R, since K0 and the zk-projection of Q are compact. Also ∫∣η∣≤R∣η∣−1 dA(η)=2πR, so these integrals converge absolutely. For each real-coordinate multi-index α set Fα(z)=12πi∫C(Dzαh~)(z,η)η−1 dη∧dηˉ. Fix a real parameter coordinate t. The fundamental theorem of calculus writes the difference between the difference quotient of Dzαh~ in t and DtDzαh~ as an average of increments of the latter derivative; on Q×{∣η∣≤R} their supremum tends to zero with the increment by uniform continuity on a slightly larger compact set. Thus ∣[Fα(z+set)−Fα(z)]/s−Fα+et(z)∣≤Cωα(∣s∣)∫∣η∣≤R∣η∣−1dA(η)→0, where ωα(δ)→0 is that uniform-continuity modulus and C accounts for the fixed form factor. The same estimate gives continuity of each Fα, and induction proves DzαTkg=Fα for every α, hence Tkg∈C∞(P′′).

2.1F2F3F4step 1.2givenalgebra

The transformed formula in step 1.2 and [F4] identify ∂zˉkTkg with the integral of ∂ζˉh(z′,ζ)/(ζ−zk) against (2πi)−1dζ∧dζˉ. For each fixed z′, choose a bounded disc E⊂C containing both supp⁡h(z′,⋅) and Dk′′; the slice is zero near ∂E. Full AC and the Cauchy–Pompeiu premise are both in [F2], so [F3] on E has zero boundary term and gives this integral equal to h(z′,zk)=g(z) on P′′, because χ=1 there. Thus ∂zˉkTkg=g.

2.2F4step 1.2givenalgebra

For ℓ≠k, the cutoff χ(ζ) is independent of zℓ, so parameter differentiation in step 1.2 and [F4] give ∂zˉℓTkg=Tk(∂zˉℓg), with the single cutoff factor already included in Tk. If ∂zˉℓg=0, this is zero, proving preservation of each selected equation.

2.3step 1.2givenalgebra

If g∈Cc∞(Cn), omit the cutoff and put h=g. On any compact parameter set, compact support of g and boundedness of zk again place the translated numerator and every derivative in a common bounded η-disc. The uniform-continuity estimate of step 1.2 therefore proves that the global integral defines a smooth function.

3.1F2F3F4step 2.1step 2.2step 2.3givenalgebra∎

For fixed values of the other variables, the slice g(z′,⋅) is compactly supported. Its translated parameter derivative is Tk(∂zˉkg), and the Cauchy–Pompeiu argument of step 2.1, using the AC premise and formula [F2, F3], gives ∂zˉkTkg=g. For every ℓ≠k, the same differentiation calculation as in step 2.2 gives ∂zˉℓTkg=Tk(∂zˉℓg).

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