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Controlled stratified submersions have continuous local trivializations

Statement

Assume AC. Let W be a locally closed finite Whitney-stratified subset of a smooth ambient manifold, and let f:W→B be the restriction of a smooth ambient map that is a submersion on every stratum. Every smooth base field admits, after tube shrinking, a stratumwise smooth locally bounded controlled lift. Its stratumwise ODE solutions form a jointly continuous stratum-preserving local flow with jointly continuous inverse. Each source point has a stratum-preserving product neighborhood over a small coordinate box in B. If f is proper, every base point has a whole-fiber stratum-preserving bundle trivialization. No global simplicial model of f is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, a locally closed finite Whitney-stratified W in a smooth ambient manifold, a map f:W→B that is the restriction of a smooth ambient map and a submersion on every stratum, and locally a smooth base field v on B.

[F1]

Compatible f-preserving tube control data exist, with chain overlaps and local properness over compact base slices (Whitney stratifications admit compatible control data).

[F2]

Radius/projection differentials have smooth bounded right inverses near each lower-stratum point; for adapted tubes the same follows by the tube diffeomorphism of [F1] (Whitney normal tubes have submersive radius and bounded stratumwise lifts).

[F3]

Smooth subordinate partitions exist and positive local size bounds have smooth positive minorants (Smooth partitions of unity exist on manifolds, AC implies DC implies countable choice).

[F4]

A smooth stratumwise field has unique local ODE solutions within each stratum, depending smoothly on the initial point (Smooth dependence of ODE solutions on parameters).

[A1]

AC carries the countable-choice supplier assumptions above (The Axiom of Choice); no further choice is used.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2F3F4construct

First impose the needed local size bounds on [F1]'s tube embeddings ER(y,n), without assuming them in its Statement. In ambient coordinates ER(y,0)=y, so a sufficiently small fiber radius makes ∥ER(y,n)−y∥<1 and, when ∂R=R‾∖R is nonempty, ∥ER(y,n)−y∥<dist⁡(y,∂R)/3. These are locally positive restrictions because R is locally closed; [F3] supplies smooth positive radius minorants, chosen below half the original radius. Shrinking preserves fπR=f and the control identities: a smaller radius bound depends only on the base and is preserved by every higher projection preserving (πR,ρR). Construct the lift in increasing stratum dimension. On a stratum R with no active lower tube, the adjoint right inverse of df∣TR gives a smooth lift of v. Suppose lifts VR are fixed on all lower-dimensional strata and are controlled and locally bounded there. On an upper stratum S inside a lower tube, use the smooth minimum-norm right inverse of (dπR,drR)∣TS, where rR=ρR>0, to lift (VR(πRx),0); it lifts v because fπR=f. For nested R<T<S, a lift of (VT,0) through (πT,rT) also satisfies the R-constraints wherever those are active: differentiate the control factorization FR=FR∣T∘πT and use the already proved R-control of VT at πTx, and membership in a smaller R-radius band is preserved by πT, so the constraints are evaluated on their actual domains.

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1algebra

These minimum-norm lifts are bounded by ∥VR(πRx)∥+1 after shrinking the R-tube. Near y∈R, a contrary sequence of unit-normalized violations has a limiting upper tangent plane containing TyR and the limiting normal secant direction in it, by Whitney (a),(b); the normalized pair differential stays surjective by [F2]. Its limiting linear equation with target (VR(y),0) has VR(y) itself as a solution, so its minimum-norm solution has norm at most ∥VR(y)∥, and continuity of the minimum-norm matrix inverse on these surjective limit matrices contradicts the violation. The same argument holds in an adapted tube using its smooth normal-model diffeomorphism or its transverse quotient splitting. Finitely many incident strata give one positive local bound, and [F3] chooses a variable tube radius imposing it at every base point.

3.1F1F3A1step 1.1step 2.1construct

For patching on S use middle bands with radius bound half that of each outer lower tube, and strictly smaller inner bands. Their relative closures in S stay in the outer domains: for convergent band points, step 1.1 bounds the bases; a frontier base limit would equal the point limit and lie below the controller stratum, hence cannot lie in S, while a base limit in the controller stratum leaves the limiting normal parameter strictly inside the outer domain. Thus the middle bands are relatively closed in S. At a point the active middle-band indices form a chain; take a neighbourhood avoiding every closed middle band not active at its centre and lying in the domains of all active controllers, choose there the lift through the maximal active controller, and use the lift of df where none is active. A subordinate smooth partition from [F3] gives a convex sum of these fields. At every point of an inner R-band all contributing patches carry the R-constraint, so the sum satisfies dπR(VS)=VR∘πR and dρR(VS)=0 there, and it satisfies df(VS)=v∘f everywhere. Shrink each actual control domain into the inner band; no derivative of a partition coefficient enters these linear vector-field equations.

4.1F1F3A1step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1construct

The patched fields are locally bounded across lower strata. In each patch controlled by T the norms are bounded by ∥VT(πTx)∥+1 from step 2.1. For any sequence of tube points converging in W, the displacement cap of step 1.1 makes their bases bounded. Pass to a convergent base subsequence in T‾. If its limit belongs to T, smoothness bounds VT there; if it belongs to ∂T, step 1.1 forces the displacement to tend to zero, so that base limit is the original point limit in W, where VT is locally bounded by induction. An unbounded sequence of lift norms would therefore have a bounded subsequence, a contradiction. Only finitely many lower strata occur, so the finite maximum bounds all contributing lifts. Away from their tubes the ordinary smooth lifts are locally bounded, and a sequence tending to a lower stratum is eventually in its inner tube, so uncontrolled patches do not contribute there. Convex sums retain these bounds, finishing the finite dimension induction of locally bounded controlled lifts.

5.1F1F4step 4.1algebra

Solve the ODE within each stratum using [F4]. In a small relatively compact ambient ball where W is closed and the constructed field has bound M, solutions starting in a smaller ball cannot leave the larger ball before a fixed positive time, by ∥x(t)−x(0)∥≤M∣t∣. If a maximal solution had a shorter finite endpoint, this bound makes it Cauchy with a limit in the compact closed piece of W. A limit in the same stratum permits ordinary ODE continuation. A limit in a smaller incident stratum R is impossible: on a terminal segment inside its controlled tube ρR is constant and positive, but continuity at the limit in R forces it to tend to zero. The argument works backward in time as well, so a common short flow interval exists for all nearby initial points, including points in different strata.

6.1F1F4step 5.1algebra

For joint continuity across strata fix a compact interval of the trajectory through y∈R inside a controlled tube, choose a compact base neighbourhood C⊆R around the projected trajectory and a small closed radius band whose inverse image K is compact and contained in the tube, by [F1]. For xj→y in an incident upper stratum the projected paths solve the smooth VR-ODE by the control identity and their radii are constant and tend to zero. Shrinking the initial neighbourhood keeps the projected paths in the interior of C and the radii strictly inside the band, so there is no first exit from the tube: a putative exit limit would lie in the compact subset K of its interior. On K the distance to the projected point tends uniformly to zero with the radius, because a sequence violating this has a convergent subsequence of radius zero whose limit lies in R and equals its projection. Hence ϕtj(xj)→ϕt(y) for tj→t; subdividing a longer interval into finitely many such local intervals and checking incident-stratum subsequences over the finitely many strata proves continuity for every sequence, and time reversal gives the continuous inverse.

7.1step 5.1step 6.1construct

Take locally bounded controlled lifts of each coordinate field on a base box; their flows exist on a common source neighbourhood by step 5.1. Starting in the centre fibre, flow successively for the coordinate increments; each flow changes only its own base coordinate, and reversing the flows in reverse order supplies a continuous inverse. Restricting the centre fibre to a relatively open neighbourhood of the point and choosing a sufficiently small box and flow domain, the image is open: the inverse-coordinate conditions are an open base-box condition together with an open condition on the continuous return-to-centre-fibre map. The result is a stratum-preserving product neighbourhood over the box; commutation of the different lifts is unnecessary.

8.1step 4.1step 5.1step 6.1step 7.1given∎

If f is proper, cut off the base coordinate fields outside a slightly larger coordinate box. Over every finite time interval a base path has compact image, whose full proper inverse image is compact; the lift is bounded on that compact inverse image by step 4.1, so the endpoint and constant-radius arguments of step 5.1 give complete lifted flows for these base paths. The coordinate-flow construction of step 7.1 therefore applies at every point of the whole centre fibre and produces a bundle trivialization of the full inverse image of the smaller box. All constructions are smooth on each stratum and jointly continuous on W.

Remarks

  • The trivializations are stratum-preserving and continuous on the stratified space, smooth only on individual strata; no global simplicial model of f, no semialgebraicity, and no statement about nonproper f beyond the local product neighbourhoods is asserted.

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