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Whitney normal tubes have submersive radius and bounded stratumwise lifts

Statement

Assume AC. Let a finite smooth Whitney (a),(b) stratification be embedded in RN, let R be one stratum, and choose its ordinary Euclidean normal tube with projection π and distance r(x)=∥x−π(x)∥. Near every point of R, after shrinking the tube, (π,r) is a submersion on each incident upper stratum. There are smooth stratumwise right inverses for its differential whose norms are locally uniformly bounded near R. Consequently a smooth bounded field w on R has smooth locally bounded lifts on each incident stratum with dπ(V)=w∘π and dr(V)=0; there are also radial lifts with dπ(Vrad)=0, dr(Vrad)=r and ∥Vrad∥≤Cr. These are lifts relative to this one lower stratum only; no simultaneous Mather control identities or continuous stratified flow is claimed.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, a finite smooth Whitney (a),(b) stratification embedded in RN, and one lower stratum R.

[F1]

Whitney (a) for the incident pair (S,R) includes TyR⊆T for every limit T of tangent planes TxjS with xj→y; Whitney (b) additionally includes every limit of normalized secants (xj−π(xj))/∥xj−π(xj)∥ in that same limiting plane (Finite complex algebraic Whitney stratification and control data).

[F2]

Assuming countable choice, and hence under AC, the ordinary normal addition map of an embedded smooth submanifold R is a diffeomorphism from a normal neighbourhood onto an open tube: every point of the tube is uniquely x=y+n with y∈R and n⊥TyR, and at the zero section the differentials of the projection and the normal coordinate split the tangent space into the tangent and normal directions (The Euclidean tubular neighbourhood theorem).

[A1]

AC implies ACω (AC implies DC implies countable choice), which supplies the countable-choice hypothesis of the Euclidean tube theorem [F2]; the remaining argument is choice-free (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F2constructalgebra

Write y=π(x) and n=x−y for a point of the tube, and r=∥n∥. When r>0, differentiating the norm gives drx(v)=⟨n/r,v−dπx(v)⟩=⟨n/r,v⟩, because dπx(v)∈TyR is orthogonal to n; and at y∈R the inverse differential of normal addition identifies dπy with the orthogonal projection onto TyR by [F2]. Fix a lower-stratum coordinate patch with a smooth orthonormal frame for TR, and use it to identify the target of dπ with Rm, m=dim⁡R.

2.1step 1.1construct

For x in an incident upper stratum S let Ax:TxS→Rm⊕R be the matrix of (dπx,drx) in that frame. Suppose no uniform lower bound ∥Ax∗λ∥≥c∥λ∥ held near a point y0∈R. Then there are xj→y0 in incident strata and unit vectors λj=(aj,bj) with ∥Axj∗λj∥→0; passing to one of the finitely many strata and to subsequences, the tangent planes TxjS converge to a plane T, the unit normal directions nj/rj converge to a unit vector u, and the target vectors converge to a unit (a,b). By smoothness of the tube projection, dπxj converges to the orthogonal projection onto Ty0R, and by step 1.1 the adjoints satisfy Axj∗λj→ΠT(a)+bu, where ΠT is the orthogonal projection onto T.

3.1F1step 2.1algebra

By Whitney (a), Ty0R⊆T, so ΠT(a)=a; by Whitney (b) applied to the secants xj−π(xj), the unit limit u lies in T. Hence the limit a+bu lies in T and has squared norm ∥a∥2+b2=1, because a∈Ty0R is orthogonal to u. This contradicts ∥Axj∗λj∥→0. Therefore there is a neighbourhood of y0 in the tube and a constant c>0 with ∥Ax∗λ∥≥c∥λ∥ for all x there in incident strata. In particular Ax∗ is injective, Ax is surjective, and (π,r)∣S is a submersion throughout that neighbourhood.

4.1step 3.1constructalgebra

Set Hx=Ax∗(AxAx∗)−1. Its image lies in TxS and AxHx=id, and it is smooth along S because the frame, the tube differentials and their coefficients are smooth; the singular-value bound gives ∥Hx∥≤1/c. For a smooth bounded field w on R put V(x)=Hx(w(π(x)),0), and put Vrad(x)=Hx(0,r(x)). Then dπx(V)=w(π(x)), drx(V)=0, dπx(Vrad)=0, drx(Vrad)=r(x), and ∥V∥≤∥w∥/c, ∥Vrad∥≤r(x)/c; all these fields are smooth along S and locally bounded near the given point of R. Since there are finitely many incident strata, the neighbourhood and the constant can be chosen to work for all of them at once.

5.1F1F2A1step 4.1∎

The construction applies near every point of R and an empty stratum contributes no instances; when m=0 the same argument uses only the normal row of Ax and proves radial submersivity, so no positive lower-stratum dimension is needed. What is proved is ordinary tube transversality together with one-stratum bounded lifts: on approaching a different intermediate stratum, independently chosen lifts need not agree with that stratum's choices, so simultaneous compatible control data and the gluing of controlled lifts remain separate obligations.

Remarks

  • The submersion conclusion is relative to the single lower stratum R: the estimates are uniform near each point of R but nothing is asserted about uniformity along the whole stratification, and no simultaneous Mather identities for several lower strata are claimed.

Depends on

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Sources