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Whitney normal tubes have submersive radius and bounded stratumwise lifts
Statement
Assume AC. Let a finite smooth Whitney (a),(b) stratification be embedded in , let be one stratum, and choose its ordinary Euclidean normal tube with projection and distance . Near every point of , after shrinking the tube, is a submersion on each incident upper stratum. There are smooth stratumwise right inverses for its differential whose norms are locally uniformly bounded near . Consequently a smooth bounded field on has smooth locally bounded lifts on each incident stratum with and ; there are also radial lifts with , and . These are lifts relative to this one lower stratum only; no simultaneous Mather control identities or continuous stratified flow is claimed.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a finite smooth Whitney (a),(b) stratification embedded in , and one lower stratum .
Whitney (a) for the incident pair includes for every limit of tangent planes with ; Whitney (b) additionally includes every limit of normalized secants in that same limiting plane (Finite complex algebraic Whitney stratification and control data).
Assuming countable choice, and hence under AC, the ordinary normal addition map of an embedded smooth submanifold is a diffeomorphism from a normal neighbourhood onto an open tube: every point of the tube is uniquely with and , and at the zero section the differentials of the projection and the normal coordinate split the tangent space into the tangent and normal directions (The Euclidean tubular neighbourhood theorem).
AC implies (AC implies DC implies countable choice), which supplies the countable-choice hypothesis of the Euclidean tube theorem [F2]; the remaining argument is choice-free (The Axiom of Choice).
Proof
Write and for a point of the tube, and . When , differentiating the norm gives , because is orthogonal to ; and at the inverse differential of normal addition identifies with the orthogonal projection onto by [F2]. Fix a lower-stratum coordinate patch with a smooth orthonormal frame for , and use it to identify the target of with , .
For in an incident upper stratum let be the matrix of in that frame. Suppose no uniform lower bound held near a point . Then there are in incident strata and unit vectors with ; passing to one of the finitely many strata and to subsequences, the tangent planes converge to a plane , the unit normal directions converge to a unit vector , and the target vectors converge to a unit . By smoothness of the tube projection, converges to the orthogonal projection onto , and by step 1.1 the adjoints satisfy , where is the orthogonal projection onto .
By Whitney (a), , so ; by Whitney (b) applied to the secants , the unit limit lies in . Hence the limit lies in and has squared norm , because is orthogonal to . This contradicts . Therefore there is a neighbourhood of in the tube and a constant with for all there in incident strata. In particular is injective, is surjective, and is a submersion throughout that neighbourhood.
Set . Its image lies in and , and it is smooth along because the frame, the tube differentials and their coefficients are smooth; the singular-value bound gives . For a smooth bounded field on put , and put . Then , , , , and , ; all these fields are smooth along and locally bounded near the given point of . Since there are finitely many incident strata, the neighbourhood and the constant can be chosen to work for all of them at once.
The construction applies near every point of and an empty stratum contributes no instances; when the same argument uses only the normal row of and proves radial submersivity, so no positive lower-stratum dimension is needed. What is proved is ordinary tube transversality together with one-stratum bounded lifts: on approaching a different intermediate stratum, independently chosen lifts need not agree with that stratum's choices, so simultaneous compatible control data and the gluing of controlled lifts remain separate obligations.
Remarks
- The submersion conclusion is relative to the single lower stratum : the estimates are uniform near each point of but nothing is asserted about uniformity along the whole stratification, and no simultaneous Mather identities for several lower strata are claimed.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
15 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John Mather, Notes on Topological Stability (1970) (standard reference, not scraped)