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An elliptic local martingale has a Brownian driver
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be a continuous adapted -dimensional local martingale with . Let be a continuous adapted process of invertible matrices such that for a deterministic finite constant , and suppose every entry of is locally square-integrable in time almost surely. Write for the continuous bracket characterized by the local-martingale property of , and assume Then the stochastic integral , constructed as the localized limit of left-step sums, has a continuous version with . Consequently is a standard -dimensional Brownian motion relative to the given filtration.
Statement references
Vector Lévy characterization: identifies a continuous local martingale with identity bracket as Brownian motion; the local proof below supplies the inverse-matrix integral construction.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: the filtered probability space and processes in the statement, the Axiom of Choice, the elementary definition of stochastic integration by predictable step sums, the martingale maximal inequality, and completeness of .
AC is assumed to invoke the predictable reconstruction and its inherited conditional-expectation and interfaces. The Axiom of Choice
Adapted left-step processes are predictable, and pointwise limits and Borel compositions of predictable maps are predictable. Progressively measurable and predictable processes
Dominated convergence passes the uniformly bounded left-step approximations through the finite bracket-energy integrals and the product-compensator limits. Dominated convergence
A predictable invertible coefficient with bounded inverse and finite pathwise squared energy admits Brownian reconstruction from the specified local-martingale bracket on the original finite-horizon filtration. The proof constructs stopped integrals on the usual augmentation, normalizes continuous representatives there, and recovers an original-adapted version from unstopped elementary sums. Brownian reconstruction with a predictable elliptic coefficient
Proof
Given: AC and the processes in the Statement.
If , set ; the integral, bracket and finite-horizon Brownian claims are immediate. Henceforth suppose . Form left-step approximations to on deterministic dyadic partitions, retaining at time zero. They are predictable by [F1]. Take their pointwise limit where it exists as a finite invertible matrix with inverse norm at most , and use otherwise; necessarily . The resulting predictable agrees with at all times on its full continuity event. Continuity on the compact horizon gives almost surely, and its bracket identity is the given one. Thus [F9] supplies a Brownian motion adapted to the original filtration, with bracket . This invocation makes no raw stopped evaluation of an unnormalized almost-surely continuous process.
This integral also has the left-step construction required in the Statement. On the augmented, normalized stopped intervals of [F9], put and use its bounded deterministic left-step approximations. They converge uniformly on each continuous path and are bounded by . The bracket-energy isometry and maximal estimate proved in [F9], together with dominated convergence [F7] and the integrable stopped bracket trace, give localized convergence of their integrals to the same . Equality with the predictable reconstruction follows from uniqueness in that energy completion. Its original-adapted continuous version and Brownian increment identities are supplied by [F9]; the bracket is . Hence every asserted conclusion holds on the given filtration.
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Sources
- A. W. van der Vaart, Martingales, Diffusions and Financial Mathematics, Theorem 6.1 and Exercise 6.5; Theorem 7.15 (standard reference, not scraped)