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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (deepseek-v4-pro + gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-13
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Every abelian group embeds in a divisible abelian group

Statement

Every abelian group A admits an injective homomorphism into a divisible abelian group. The construction uses no choice principle.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An abelian group A, viewed as a Z-module.

[L1]

The canonical map F=Z(A)A is surjective and identifies A with F/K, where K is its kernel (Every module is a quotient of a free module).

[F1]

An abelian group is divisible if multiplication by every nonzero integer is surjective (Divisible modules over an integral domain).

[F2]

Direct sums consist of finite-support tuples (The direct sum of an indexed family of modules).

[L2]

Q is a field and therefore permits division by every nonzero integer (The rationals form a field).

Proof

technique · constructive
1.1

Let F=Z(A), let ε:FA be the canonical surjection, and put K=kerε; by [L1], AF/K.

L1construct
1.2

The group Q is divisible: for a finite-support tuple q and a nonzero integer n, divide each of its finitely many nonzero rational coordinates by n using [L2].

F2L2
2.1

Embed F coordinatewise into Q:=Q(A), and regard K as a subgroup of Q. Define D:=Q/K and j:F/KD by j(f+K)=f+K. This is well defined and injective because FK=K.

step 1.1F2L2construct
2.2

A quotient of a divisible group is divisible: if q+KD and n0, choose yQ with ny=q by step 1.2; then n(y+K)=q+K. Thus D is divisible by [F1].

step 1.2F1
3.1

Composing the isomorphism AF/K from step 1.1 with the injection j of step 2.1 embeds A in the divisible group D. Every division was coordinatewise on finite support, so no choice was used.

step 1.1step 2.1step 2.2discharge-construct

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 34 results over 11 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources