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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-04
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The first plus construction is separated and preserves stalks

Statement

Let F be a presheaf on a topological space X, and let η:F→F+ be the canonical map of The plus construction for a presheaf. Then:

  1. F+ is a separated presheaf.
  2. For every x∈X, the induced map on stalks ηx:Fx⟶(F+)x is a bijection.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A presheaf F on X and its plus construction η:F→F+.

[F1]

A section of F+(U) is an equivalence class of germ-compatible local presentations over U, and ηU(s) is represented by the single-chart presentation (U,s) (The plus construction for a presheaf).

[F2]

A separated presheaf is one in which equality of sections can be checked on an open cover (Separated presheaves).

[L1]

Equality in a filtered colimit of sets is eventual at some smaller common stage (Two representatives in a filtered colimit of sets are equal exactly when they become equal at one common later stage).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2

Let σ,τ∈F+(U) and suppose there is an open cover U=⋃α∈AWα such that σ∣Wα=τ∣Wα for every α. Fix x∈U, and choose α with x∈Wα. Equality on Wα means that the two restricted presentations determine the same germ at x, so σ and τ have the same germ at x. Since this holds for every x∈U, the two global presentations are equivalent by [F1]. Therefore σ=τ, and F+ is separated by [F2].

1.2F1givenchoose

To prove surjectivity of ηx, let ξ∈(F+)x. Choose an open neighbourhood U of x and a section σ∈F+(U) representing ξ. Pick a local presentation (Ui,si) of σ with x∈Ui for some index i. Then on the neighbourhood Ui the section σ equals ηUi(si) by [F1], so the germ ξ is the image of the germ of si at x. Hence ηx is surjective.

1.3F1L1given

Now suppose ηx(a)=ηx(b) in (F+)x, where a∈Fx and b∈Fx. Represent a and b by sections s∈F(U) and t∈F(V) on neighbourhoods of x. By [L1], equality of their images in the stalk of F+ means that there exists an open neighbourhood W⊆U∩V of x such that ηW(s∣W)=ηW(t∣W) in F+(W). By [F1], equality of these two single-chart classes says exactly that s∣W and t∣W have the same germ at every point of W, in particular at x. Thus a=b in Fx, so ηx is injective.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2step 1.3∎

Steps 1.2 and 1.3 prove that every ηx is bijective, and step 1.1 proves that F+ is separated.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

9 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources