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A 3-by-3 unknot grid has tilde homology of rank four

Statement

Use row indices r=0,1,2 from bottom to top and column indices c=0,1,2 from left to right. Let G3 have O-markings in cells (r,c)=(0,0),(1,1),(2,2) and X-markings in cells (0,1),(1,2),(2,0). This toroidal grid represents the unknot. Its tilde grid complex over F2, counting empty-state rectangles disjoint from both marking sets, has homology of rank four.

OXOXOXr=0r=1r=2c=0c=1c=2

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The 3×3 marking pattern and row/column indices in the statement.

[F1]

Toroidal grid diagrams and gradings for oriented knots defines the O→X→O component permutation, identifies grid states with permutations, and defines empty torus rectangles.

[F2]

Finite grid complexes for knot Floer theory defines the tilde differential by counting empty-state rectangles whose interiors avoid both O- and X-markings.

[F3]

The three grid rectangle differentials square to zero proves that this differential squares to zero.

Proof

1.1F1givenconstruct

The marking permutation sends the O in row 0 to the X in column 1 and then to the O in row 1; it continues from row 1 through column 2 to row 2, and from row 2 through column 0 back to row 0. Thus the grid has one component. In its planar projection the oriented path has vertices (0.5,0.5),(1.5,0.5),(1.5,1.5),(2.5,1.5),(2.5,2.5),(0.5,2.5) and returns to (0.5,0.5). These six axis-parallel edges form a simple polygon and meet only at consecutive endpoints, so the projection has no crossings and is an unknot diagram.

1.2F1F2construct

The six grid states, in lexicographic order as row-to-column permutations, are 012,021,102,120,201,210. The only cells containing neither marking are (r,c)=(0,2),(1,0),(2,1); each is isolated from the other two by marked cells across every side, including the torus identifications. Every marking-free rectangle made of more than one cell contains a pair of side-adjacent cells and hence a marking. Therefore the only possible tilde rectangles are these three single-cell rectangles.

1.3F1F2step 1.2algebra

For state 201, the SW and NE corners of cell (r,c)=(0,2) lie in that state and the other two corners give state 021; cell (1,0) similarly gives 201→210, and cell (2,1) gives 201→102, with the row interval in the last cell wrapping around the torus. No other state has the SW/NE pair of corners of any of these empty cells. Thus the differential matrix, with rows and columns ordered 012,021,102,120,201,210 and rows indexing targets, has rows 000000,000010,000010,000000,000000,000010. It sends only the basis vector for state 201 to the sum of the three distinct target basis vectors, so its rank is one.

2.1F3step 1.3algebra∎

By [F3] this is a chain complex. Rank-nullity gives dim⁡ker⁡∂=6−1=5 and dim⁡im⁡∂=1; hence the homology has dimension 5−1=4.

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Sources