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Heisenberg normal-ordered fields give modules with an arbitrary zero-mode action

Statement

Let V=P be the rank-one Heisenberg vertex algebra of The rank-one Heisenberg vacuum space is a conformal VOA of central charge one. For any complex vector space E and any A∈End⁡C(E), set F(E,A)=P⊗E and define

a−r=xr⋅⊗IE,ar=r∂xr⊗IE (r≥1),a0=IP⊗A.

Write aF(z)=∑nanz−n−1 and brF(z)=∂zr−1aF(z)/(r−1)!. With the same negative/nonnegative-mode normal ordering as Rank-one Heisenberg oscillator fields and vacuum space, put

YF(xr1⋯xrs,z)=:br1F(z)⋯brsF(z):,YF(1,z)=I.

These fields give a V-module in the full formal-Jacobi convention of Module for an ordinary vertex algebra. In particular, no diagonalizability or nilpotence condition on A is required. For v∈Pw and f∈Pd⊗E, each mode satisfies

v(k)Ff∈Pd+w−k−1⊗E,

where negative degrees are zero. Thus the fields are lower truncated, and this is an admissible nonnegative integer grading whenever the module is viewed over the conformal VOA. No logarithmic powers occur in YF itself.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The polynomial vacuum VOA, an arbitrary E,A, and the displayed oscillator and normal-field formulas.

[F1]

Rank-one Heisenberg oscillator fields and vacuum space fixes the normal products and divided derivatives; The rank-one Heisenberg vacuum space is a conformal VOA of central charge one proves these are precisely the vacuum state fields.

[F2]

Formal distributions and fields on a vector space fixes the two binomial expansions, locality and formal residues.

[F3]

Formal delta substitution identity for module Jacobi proves D12−D21=D20, where D12=z0−1δ((z−w)/z0), D21=z0−1δ((w−z)/(−z0)), and D20=w−1δ((z−z0)/w) have the three prescribed module-Jacobi expansions.

[F4]

Module for an ordinary vertex algebra requires lower truncation, the identity vacuum action and the complete three-variable module Jacobi identity. Admissible module for a vertex operator algebra requires exactly the nonnegative integer grading and conformal-weight mode shift displayed in the Statement.

Proof

1.1givenF1F2algebra

The polynomial formulas give [am,an]=mδm,−nI on F(E,A): the zero mode commutes with every mode because it acts on E alone. Every positive mode of index exceeding the degree of a polynomial kills it. In a fixed coefficient of a normal product applied to a degree-d vector, all nonnegative modes act first. Their positive indices have bounded total sum, at most d; there are finitely many such choices, including zero indices. The total exponent then bounds the sum of the remaining negative indices, so there are finitely many remaining choices too. Every coefficient is therefore a genuine endomorphism. Counting degrees in a term of brF(z) gives degree change −n at exponent −n−r. For a weight-w monomial, w=∑ri, so its coefficient of z−k−1 has degree change w−k−1. This proves the displayed shift and lower truncation; YF(1,z)=I is the vacuum action.

1.2F2F3algebra

The delta identity [F3] implies, for each scalar Laurent monomial zrws(z−w)−K with K≥0, the corresponding identity D12ιz,wG−D21ιw,zG=D20ιw,z0G(w+z0,w). Indeed multiplying either of the first two delta sums by its expansion of (z−w)−K shifts the delta summation index and gives z0−K times that delta sum. Also D20z=D20(w+z0), directly from its delta sum; integer powers give substitution of zr, using the binomial inverse of w+z0 for negative r. Multiplying [F3] by zrwsz0−K therefore gives exactly the asserted identity, with the prescribed expansions.

2.1F1F2step 1.1algebra

Split aF=a−+a+ into n<0 and n≥0. The only mixed commutator is [a+(z),a−(w)]=∑n≥1nz−n−1wn−1=ιz,w(z−w)−2I; same-sign parts commute. Differentiating gives the scalar contraction Kr,s(z−w)=(−1)r−1(r+s−1)! (z−w)−r−s/((r−1)!(s−1)!) for brF(z),bsF(w). For u=∏i=1pxri and v=∏j=1qxsj, let a partial matching J pair distinct left factors with distinct right factors, and write I(J),O(J) for its unmatched left and right indices. Define the common expression GF(z,w)=∑J(∏(i,j)∈JKri,sj(z−w)):∏i∈I(J)briF(z)∏j∈O(J)bsjF(w):. This is a finite sum over matchings. Reorder the annihilators of the left product across the creators of the right product. At each crossing use XY=YX+[X,Y]; every commutator is the displayed scalar and commutes with all remaining factors. Each choice of disjoint crossings contributes exactly one partial matching, including the empty matching. This proves YF(u,z)YF(v,w)=ιz,wGF(z,w). Reversing the ordered products gives YF(v,w)YF(u,z)=ιw,zGF(z,w): differentiation of (w−z)−2 gives the same rational Kri,sj(z−w) after swapping variables, and the unmatched normal product is unchanged.

3.1F1F2step 2.1algebra

The same calculation on the vacuum space computes every state coefficient u(n)v. Apply its Wick expression to 1 and set w=0. This is legitimate because Y(v,w)1 has only nonnegative powers of w. All nonnegative oscillator modes in the normal product kill 1, and the negative part of br(z) is ∑k≥0(r+k−1k)xr+kzk. Consequently Y(u,z0)v is the state-valued Laurent series ∑J(∏(i,j)∈JKri,sj(z0))(∏i∈I(J)∑k≥0(ri+k−1k)xri+kz0k)(∏j∈O(J)xsj). Every coefficient is a finite sum, since the contraction pole order is bounded and the required sum of the k's is fixed. Apply YF(−,w) coefficientwise. The formal Taylor identity brF(w+z0)=∑k≥0(r+k−1k)z0kbr+kF(w) follows by differentiating the binomial expansion of each power of w. The normal parts obey that same Taylor identity. Hence the resulting iterate is precisely YF(Y(u,z0)v,w)=ιw,z0GF(w+z0,w). This proves the complete iterate formula, including negative products, rather than only the singular OPE.

4.1F1F2F3F4step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1step 1.2algebra∎

Apply step 1.2 termwise to the common expression in step 2.1. To justify every infinite-series operation, fix an input polynomial degree and project the output to degrees at most D. Each unmatched normal product then has only finitely many modes in each variable: the positive indices are bounded by the input degree, and the creation indices are bounded by the output degree plus the input degree. It is therefore a Laurent polynomial after this projection, multiplied by the finite-order contraction poles. Step 1.2 applies without an infinite rearrangement. Since D is arbitrary and every vector is a finite sum of homogeneous polynomials, the identity holds coefficientwise on all of F(E,A). Substitute the two ordered products from step 2.1 and the iterate from step 3.1. The resulting equality is exactly the full module Jacobi identity in [F4], for all monomial states and thus all states by linearity. Along with step 1.1 this proves the module assertion. All calculations are algebraic and choice-free.

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