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Regularity gives generation, multiplication, and vanishing
Statement
Assume AC and DC. If a coherent on is -regular, then for and . For , is globally generated and the multiplication map is surjective. These conclusions hold over every field.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The hypotheses in the statement and AC and DC, inherited from the scheme, cohomology, and finite-module suppliers (The Axiom of Choice, The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain).
Cohomology commutes with field extension, which is faithfully flat (Flat field extension commutes with coherent cohomology). Serre vanishing and eventual global generation hold for coherent sheaves on projective space (Serre vanishing for coherent sheaves and ample twists, Eventual generation of coherent projective twists).
A finite module over a Noetherian ring has finitely many associated primes; zero divisors are their union. This applies on the finite standard affine cover to associated points of a coherent sheaf (Finite modules over Noetherian rings have finitely many associated primes, Zero divisors on a module over a Noetherian ring are the union of its associated primes). Projective-space twists have the usual cohomology and cohomological dimension (Cohomology of O(d) on projective space, Projective n-space has quasi-coherent cohomological dimension at most n).
Proof
Extend the field to if necessary. By faithful flatness and [F1], both vanishing and surjectivity descend; generation descends by applying faithful flatness to the evaluation cokernel. We may therefore assume infinite. There is a hyperplane avoiding the finitely many associated points of : hyperplanes containing a fixed associated point form a proper linear subset of the dual projective space, and a finite union of these subsets cannot exhaust its rational points over an infinite field. Multiplication by its equation gives .
Induct on , the case being immediate. The long exact sequence at twist gives , since its adjacent groups and vanish. Thus is -regular. For each , start at and induct on using ; the first term vanishes by the induction on , and the last by induction on . This proves all the stated vanishings.
For , makes surjective. The restriction is also surjective. Induction on makes the multiplication on surjective. Consequently every section of is the sum of a product of a linear form with a section of and a section in the kernel of restriction to . This kernel is multiplication by the equation of on , and is itself in the image of multiplication. The desired multiplication is surjective.
Iterating multiplication shows that is surjective for . For sufficiently large , is globally generated by [F1]. At a stalk, the products of sections all lie in the image of ; this image is therefore the whole stalk. Tensoring by the inverse invertible twist gives generation of . Field descent in step 1.1 completes the argument over arbitrary .
Depends on
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed chain
- Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity
- Flat field extension commutes with coherent cohomology
- Serre vanishing for coherent sheaves and ample twists
- Cohomology of O(d) on projective space
- Projective n-space has quasi-coherent cohomological dimension at most n
- Eventual generation of coherent projective twists
- Finite modules over Noetherian rings have finitely many associated primes
- Zero divisors on a module over a Noetherian ring are the union of its associated primes
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
108 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Nitin Nitsure, Construction of Hilbert and Quot Schemes, Sections 2–5 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Alexander Grothendieck, Les schémas de Hilbert, Bourbaki 221, Sections 2–3 (standard reference, not scraped)