Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-22
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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

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The inner product is jointly continuous

Statement

Let V be a real or complex inner-product space with induced norm . The pairing (x,y)x,y is continuous on V×V for the product of the induced norm topologies. Quantitatively, for all x,x,y,yV,

x,yx,yxxy+xyy,

and consequently xnx and yny in norm imply xn,ynx,y.

Facts & Assumptions

[A1]

The pairing is linear in the first argument and conjugate-linear in the second (Real and complex inner-product spaces and their induced length).

[A2]

Cauchy–Schwarz gives u,vuv (Cauchy–Schwarz: x,yxy, with equality exactly for dependent pairs).

[A3]

The induced length is a norm, so it is nonnegative, homogeneous and satisfies the triangle inequality (The induced length is a norm).

[A4]

In the metric topology a set is open exactly when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set, B(x,r)={y:d(x,y)<r} is the open ball, and every open ball is open (The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement, Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space, Arbitrary unions and finite intersections of open sets are open, open balls are open and closed balls are closed).

[A6]

Convergence in a metric space means that the distances to the limit tend to zero (Convergence of a sequence in a metric space: xkx iff d(xk,x)0 in R).

Proof

technique · direct

Given: A real or complex inner-product space V, vectors x,x,y,yV and a point of continuity (x,y) of V×V.

1.1

Inserting and subtracting the mixed pairing gives x,yx,y=xx,y+x,yy, so Cauchy–Schwarz applied to the two summands and the triangle inequality for scalars give x,yx,yxxy+xyy.

A1A2algebra
2.1

Given ε>0, put δ=min{1, ε/(1+x+y)}>0; if xx<δ and yy<δ, then yy+δ<1+y by the triangle inequality, so step 1.1 gives x,yx,y<δ(1+x+y)ε.

step 1.1A3algebra
3.1

The product B(x,δ)×B(y,δ) is a basic product-open set containing (x,y), and step 2.1 shows that on it the pairing stays within every ball about x,y, so the pairing is continuous at every point of V×V; if moreover xnx and yny, then for every ε>0 the pair (xn,yn) eventually lies in the corresponding δ-box, whence xn,ynx,y<ε and xn,ynx,y.

step 2.1A4A5A6

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources