How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The inner product is jointly continuous
Statement
Let be a real or complex inner-product space with induced norm . The pairing is continuous on for the product of the induced norm topologies. Quantitatively, for all ,
and consequently and in norm imply .
Facts & Assumptions
The pairing is linear in the first argument and conjugate-linear in the second (Real and complex inner-product spaces and their induced length).
Cauchy–Schwarz gives (Cauchy–Schwarz: , with equality exactly for dependent pairs).
The induced length is a norm, so it is nonnegative, homogeneous and satisfies the triangle inequality (The induced length is a norm).
In the metric topology a set is open exactly when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set, is the open ball, and every open ball is open (The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement, Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space, Arbitrary unions and finite intersections of open sets are open, open balls are open and closed balls are closed).
For a finite product the boxes with open are basic product-open sets (The product set of functions choosing a point in each factor, the projections, the box topology, and the product topology as the initial topology of the projections; the empty product is a one-point space).
Convergence in a metric space means that the distances to the limit tend to zero (Convergence of a sequence in a metric space: iff in ).
Proof
Given: A real or complex inner-product space , vectors and a point of continuity of .
Inserting and subtracting the mixed pairing gives , so Cauchy–Schwarz applied to the two summands and the triangle inequality for scalars give .
Given , put ; if and , then by the triangle inequality, so step 1.1 gives .
The product is a basic product-open set containing , and step 2.1 shows that on it the pairing stays within every ball about , so the pairing is continuous at every point of ; if moreover and , then for every the pair eventually lies in the corresponding -box, whence and .
Depends on
- Cauchy–Schwarz: $|\langle x,y\rangle|\le\|x\|\,\|y\|$, with equality exactly for dependent pairs
- The induced length is a norm
- Real and complex inner-product spaces and their induced length
- The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement
- Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space
- Arbitrary unions and finite intersections of open sets are open, open balls are open and closed balls are closed
- The product set $\prod_{i \in I} X_i$ of functions choosing a point in each factor, the projections, the box topology, and the product topology as the initial topology of the projections; the empty product is a one-point space
- Convergence of a sequence in a metric space: $x_k \to x$ iff $d(x_k, x) \to 0$ in $\mathbb{R}$
Used by
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Sources
- Theo Bühler and Dietmar Salamon, Functional Analysis, §1.3.3, p.38 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Andrew Lin and Casey Rodriguez, MIT 18.102 Introduction to Functional Analysis, Lectures 15–16 (standard reference, not scraped)