Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-28
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

A quotient block of connected or anticonnected blocks is again connected or anticonnected

Statement

Let L be a blockade and let D be a block of the quotient blockade L/M.

  1. If every block of L contained in D induces a connected subgraph, then G[D] is connected.
  2. If every block of L contained in D induces an anticonnected subgraph, then G[D] is anticonnected.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A blockade L in a graph G, its quotient blockade L/M, and a quotient block D.

[L1]

The block D is the union of one M-equivalence class. Therefore, after fixing any member block A0D, every other member block BD can be joined to A0 by a finite mixed chain A0=B0,B1,,Bm=B of original blocks contained in D (The quotient blockade obtained from mixed-block reachability, The mixed-block reachability relation on a blockade).

[L2]

A mixed pair has at least one cross-edge and at least one cross-nonedge (Edges between disjoint vertex sets; complete, anticomplete, pure and mixed pairs).

[L3]

Connectedness is connectivity in G, while anticonnectedness is connectivity in G (Connected graphs and connected components defined by the existence of vertex paths, Anticonnected graphs and anticonnected components).

[L4]

For every vertex set W, one has G[W]=G[W] (G[W]=G[W] for every vertex set W).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Assume first that every original block contained in D is connected. Fix one such block A0D. Let BD be any other member block. By [L1], choose a mixed chain A0=B0,B1,,Bm=B inside D. We prove by induction on m that G[B0Bm] is connected. The case m=0 is immediate because B0=A0 is connected. If m>0, then the induction hypothesis gives connectedness of G[B0Bm1], the block Bm is connected by assumption, and [L2] gives a cross-edge between Bm1 and Bm because that pair is mixed. Hence the union up to Bm is connected. Since B was arbitrary, every member block of D lies in the same connected component of G[D], and therefore G[D] is connected.

givenL1L2algebra
2.1

Now assume every original block contained in D is anticonnected. By [L3] and [L4], each member block induces a connected subgraph of G. If two member blocks are consecutive on a mixed chain in D, then [L2] gives a cross-nonedge between them in G, hence a cross-edge in G. Repeating the argument of step 1.1 inside G shows that G[D] is connected. By [L3], this means that G[D] is anticonnected.

step 1.1L2L3L4algebra
3.1

Steps 1.1 and 2.1 prove the connected and anticonnected conclusions.

step 1.1step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources