How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Every regular Lindelöf space is normal
Statement
Every regular Lindelöf space is normal.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A regular Lindelöf space and disjoint closed sets .
If and is open in a regular space, there is open with (A space is regular if and only if every point has a neighbourhood base of closed neighbourhoods, if and only if open gives an open with ).
Lindelöf means that every open cover has an at most countable subcover (Countably compact, Lindel"of, sequentially compact, limit point compact and -compact spaces, and relatively compact subsets).
Normality is separation of disjoint closed subsets by disjoint open sets (Normal spaces and spaces, with the source disagreement over whether normality includes stated explicitly).
Proof
Let be the family of all open satisfying . For every , [L1] supplies a member of containing , so is an open cover of .
By Lindelöfness, an at most countable subfamily of covers . Interchanging and gives an at most countable family of open sets covering , each with closure disjoint from . List these families as and , padding a finite family with empty sets. The countable-listing convention is part of [F1]. Only two subcovers and their listings are selected; no axiom of choice is needed.
Set and . Each summand is open because it removes only finitely many closed sets from an open set. Every point of lies in some and in none of the , so . Similarly .
A point in the th summand of and the th summand of is impossible: if , the first summand excludes ; if , the second excludes . Thus , and these open sets prove normality, including empty or .
Depends on
- A space is regular if and only if every point has a neighbourhood base of closed neighbourhoods, if and only if $x \in U$ open gives an open $V$ with $x \in V \subseteq \overline{V} \subseteq U$
- Countably compact, Lindel\"of, sequentially compact, limit point compact and $\sigma$-compact spaces, and relatively compact subsets
- Normal spaces and $T_4$ spaces, with the source disagreement over whether normality includes $T_1$ stated explicitly
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
22 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- J. R. Munkres, Topology, 2nd ed., §31 (standard reference, not scraped)
- MSSC topology text, §16 (standard reference, not scraped)