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Compact null sections imply a compact set is null

Statement

Let n1, let ab, and let K[a,b]×Rn be compact. For each t[a,b], write

Kt:={yRn:(t,y)K}.

If every section Kt is a null subset of Rn, then K is a null subset of Rn+1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An integer n1, real numbers ab, and a compact set K[a,b]×Rn whose sections Kt are null for every t[a,b].

[F1]

Euclidean nullity means that for every ε>0 the set can be covered by countably many closed cubes of total volume below ε (Measure zero and content zero in Rm by countable and finite cube covers).

[L2]

The image of a lower-dimensional C1 manifold is null (The image of a lower-dimensional C1 manifold is null).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

If a=b, then K is contained in the hyperplane {a}×Rn, which is the image of the smooth map y(a,y) from Rn to Rn+1; [L2] makes that hyperplane null, and hence K is null. Assume henceforth that a<b.

L2givencases
1.2

Fix ε>0 and put L:=ba+1. For each t[a,b], [F1] supplies the following covers. [F1, given, choose] There are finitely many closed n-cubes Qt,1,,Qt,mt covering the compact section Kt with total n-volume below ε/(2n+3L). Enlarge them slightly to open n-cubes Q~t,Qt, so that, with Ot:==1mtQ~t,, one still has =1mtvoln(Q~t,)<ε2n+2L. Thus each section has an open finite cube cover with the stated uniform volume budget.

F1givenchoose
2.1

Since KtOt and Ot is open, compactness of K gives the following interval. [step 1.2, given, contradiction] There is an open interval It about t such that K(It×Rn)It×Ot. Otherwise one could find (tj,yj)K with tjt and yjOt; passing to a convergent subsequence inside the compact set K yields a limit point (t,y)K with yKtOt, contradiction.

step 1.2givencontradiction
3.1

By [L1], the cover {It:t[a,b]} has a Lebesgue number. Choose a finite partition of [a,b] into closed intervals J1,,Jr of positive length smaller than that number, and for each j choose tj with JjItj. Then jJj=ba<L. For each prism Jj×Q~tj,, use the following subdivision. [L1, step 2.1, choose] Let λj:=Jj and let sj, be the side length of Q~tj,. If λjsj,, partition the interval direction into at most λj/sj, pieces of length at most sj,; if λjsj,, partition each of the n base directions into at most sj,/λj pieces of length at most λj. In either case the prism is covered by finitely many closed (n+1)-cubes of total volume at most 2nλjsj,n=2nJjvoln(Q~tj,). These cubes cover K, and their total volume is at most 2nj=1rJj=1mtjvoln(Q~tj,)<2nLε2n+2L<ε. By [F1], K is null.

F1L1step 2.1algebra
4.1

Therefore compact null sections imply the whole compact set is null.

step 1.1step 3.1

Depends on

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Sources