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Smooth compactly supported tests are dense for finite Radon L2 measures
Statement
Assume Dependent Choice. Let be a finite Radon Borel measure on , where . Then is dense in .
Statement references
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()
Dependent choice implies countable choice
C_c(X) is dense in L^p(mu) for a Radon measure
Euclidean spaces admit a smooth compactly supported unit-mass bump
The mollifier family generated by a unit-mass smooth bump
Convolution with a mollifier is smooth, and derivatives pass under the integral sign
Ambrosio, Gigli, and Savaré, Gradient Flows, Chapter 8, §8.2
Santambrogio, Optimal Transport for Applied Mathematicians, Chapter 5, §5.3
Facts & Assumptions
Given: DC, a finite Radon measure on , and .
DC implies Countable Choice, as required by the mollifier smoothness supplier. The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain Dependent choice implies countable choice The Axiom of Countable Choice ()
There exists a smooth compactly supported function of unit Lebesgue integral; its rescalings form a mollifier family, and convolution of a continuous compactly supported function with a mollifier is smooth. Euclidean spaces admit a smooth compactly supported unit-mass bump The mollifier family generated by a unit-mass smooth bump Convolution with a mollifier is smooth, and derivatives pass under the integral sign
Proof
By [F1], given choose with . Extend g by zero on ; it is bounded and uniformly continuous. Let be the mollifier generated by [F3]. Since has compact support, for some its support is contained in , and by uniform continuity.
The function is smooth by [F2], and its support lies in the sum of the compact supports of g and , hence is compact. Since M is finite, Choose small enough that this is below (if is zero, every class is zero and the conclusion is immediate). The triangle inequality gives , proving density.
Depends on
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed chain
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Dependent choice implies countable choice
- Radon measure on an LCH space
- C_c(X) is dense in L^p(mu) for a Radon measure
- Euclidean spaces admit a smooth compactly supported unit-mass bump
- The mollifier family generated by a unit-mass smooth bump
- Convolution with a mollifier is smooth, and derivatives pass under the integral sign
Used by
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Sources
- Luigi Ambrosio, Nicola Gigli, and Giuseppe Savaré, Gradient Flows in Metric Spaces and in the Space of Probability Measures, Chapter 8, §8.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Filippo Santambrogio, Optimal Transport for Applied Mathematicians, Chapter 5, §5.3 (standard reference, not scraped)