Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)
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  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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A finite continuous convex summand preserves proper closed convexity

Statement

Let f:Rn→R be continuous and convex, and let g:Rn→(−∞,+∞] be proper, closed and convex under the epigraph convention of Proper closed convex extended-real functions on Rn. Then F=f+g is proper, closed and convex in the same convention.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The functions and hypotheses in the Statement.

[F1]

Proper closed convex extended-real functions on Rn: g has a nonempty effective domain, is convex, and has a closed epigraph.

[F2]

Convex and strictly convex functionals on a convex subset of a real vector space: convexity means the Jensen inequality for every pair of finite-domain points and 0≤θ≤1.

Proof

1.1F1givenchoose

Since dom⁡g≠∅, choose x0 with g(x0)<+∞. The value f(x0) is real, so F(x0)<+∞ and F is proper.

1.2F1F2givenalgebra

For x,y with finite F and 0≤θ≤1, both g(x),g(y) are finite. Applying convexity separately to f and g and adding gives F((1−θ)x+θy)≤(1−θ)F(x)+θF(y); if either value of F is +∞, the extended-real convexity inequality is automatic. Thus F is convex.

2.1F1F3givenalgebra∎

For r∈R, let Φ(x,s)=(x,s−f(x)). It is continuous: the first coordinates are unchanged, while continuity of f makes the last coordinate s−f(x) continuous. The identity epi⁡F=Φ−1(epi⁡g) follows by rearranging f(x)+g(x)≤s, including points where g(x)=+∞. If a point lies outside epi⁡F, its image lies outside the closed set epi⁡g, so an open ball about that image misses epi⁡g; continuity of Φ supplies a neighborhood of the original point mapped into that ball. Hence the complement of epi⁡F is open and F is closed.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources