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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-06 rests on unproved material (inherited)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Rests on 3 statements not proved in this library, by way of the results it cites. This item cites no such statement directly; it depends on results that do. The unproved premises it inherits are Cohen's first model: an infinite Dedekind-finite set of reals, Sierpiński 1947: the generalised continuum hypothesis implies the Axiom of Choice and The continuum hypothesis and its generalisation are independent of ZFC. Each is recorded with a citation to the literature and is not established here, because the track that would prove it has not yet been developed in this library. Everything else in this proof is proved here.

The Kunneth Tor map

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let R be a PID and C,D complexes of free R-modules with finite diagonals. For every nZ, the cycle-boundary presentations induce a natural surjection πn:Hn(CRD)p+q=n1Tor1R(HpC,HqD).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The stated ring, complexes, Choice hypothesis, and degree n; all tensor complexes use the direct sum and Koszul differential.

[F3]

A short exact sequence of complexes gives a long exact homology sequence The long exact sequence in homology, naturally in its maps The long exact homology sequence is natural.

[F4]

Tor can be computed from a projective resolution of its first variable: The balanced Tor bifunctor.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Let Z and A be the complexes with zero differential and Zp=ZpC, Ap=Bp1C. Inclusion and the corestriction of dC give 0ZCρA0. This is a sequence of chain complexes because dC vanishes on cycles and ρdC=0. Each degree sequence splits by [F2]. Tensoring with D and taking direct-sum total complexes therefore gives a short exact sequence 0X=ZDT=CDr=ρ1Y=AD0.

F1F2givenconstruct
2.1

Since Zp and Ap are free, tensoring with either is a direct sum of copies and commutes with homology. Thus HnX=p+q=nZpCHqD and HnY=p+q=nBp1CHqD. The differential on a fixed p summand is (1)pdD, which has the same cycles and boundaries as dD.

F2step 1.1algebra
3.1

The connecting map n:HnYHn1X is the direct sum of the maps induced by Bp1CZp1C. Indeed, represent a summand by a finite sum of by with y a cycle in D, and lift b to cCp with dCc=b. Then dT(cy)=by, with no second term. This is the defining connecting-map calculation, so its sign is positive.

F1F3step 1.1step 2.1construct
4.1

The free presentation 0Bp1CZp1CHp1C0 is a length-one projective resolution. Hence [F4] identifies ker(Bp1CHqDZp1CHqD) with Tor1R(Hp1C,HqD). Therefore kern is exactly the displayed Tor sum after reindexing p1.

F1F2F4step 3.1algebra
5.1

By [F3], Hn(r) has image kern. Define πn as Hn(r) corestricted to this kernel and followed by the identification in step 4.1. It is well defined on homology and surjective. A pair of chain maps induces maps of the sequence in step 1.1 and of the free presentations in step 4.1, so [F3] and the comparison naturality in [F4] prove naturality of πn. Empty sums and zero modules cause no exception.

F3F4step 1.1step 4.1algebra

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

23 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources