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The Kunneth theorem for free complexes over a PID
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let be a PID and be complexes of free -modules for which each total degree has a finite direct-sum diagonal. For every integer , there is a natural exact sequence .
Proof
Given: free PID-complexes with finite direct-sum diagonal in every total degree, and the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice).
Use the construction proved in The Kunneth Tor map: put and , with zero differentials. The canonical sequence is exact. AC is used here for freeness of the cycle and boundary submodules by Boundaries and cycles in a free complex over a PID are free and their free-module lifts which split the degree sequences, exactly as in that construction.
By The long exact sequence in homology, its relevant segment gives . The calculation in the Tor-map lemma identifies and identifies with the sum of the inclusion maps . It also identifies and the map onto it with the displayed Tor sum and its established natural quotient.
For each , right exactness in Tensoring is right exact applied to identifies the cokernel of that inclusion-tensor map with . Cokernels of direct-sum maps are computed coordinatewise, giving . The injection into the middle homology sends to , since it is induced by . Thus it is precisely the cross product in The Kunneth cross-product map is well defined and natural.
Step 2.1 and step 3.1 prove exactness for the specified maps. Both are natural by the two map lemmas, hence this is a natural short exact sequence. The tensor differential and totalization are those of The tensor product of a right and a left chain complex is totalized by direct sums with the Koszul differential; the construction works for every integer degree with the stated finite diagonals, including zero summands and empty diagonals.
Depends on
- The Kunneth cross-product map is well defined and natural
- The Kunneth Tor map
- Boundaries and cycles in a free complex over a PID are free
- The tensor product of a right and a left chain complex is totalized by direct sums with the Koszul differential
- The long exact sequence in homology
- Tensoring is right exact
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
- Kunneth over a field Corollary
- Kunneth when one homology family is flat Corollary
- PID Kunneth is a two-column collapse Corollary
- Freeness of chain groups cannot simply be dropped from the classical Kunneth statement False statement
- Euler characteristic is multiplicative under the finite Kunneth hypotheses Proposition
- The Kunneth sequence splits nonnaturally Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
30 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Weibel, An Introduction to Homological Algebra, Theorem 3.6.3, printed p. 88 (standard reference, not scraped)