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The Kunneth theorem for free complexes over a PID

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let R be a PID and C,D be complexes of free R-modules for which each total degree has a finite direct-sum diagonal. For every integer n, there is a natural exact sequence 0→⨁p+q=nHpC⊗RHqD→Hn(C⊗RD)→⨁p+q=n−1Tor⁡1R(HpC,HqD)→0.

Proof

Given: free PID-complexes C,D with finite direct-sum diagonal in every total degree, and the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice).

1.1given

Use the construction proved in The Kunneth Tor map: put Zp=ZpC and Ap=Bp−1C, with zero differentials. The canonical sequence 0→Z⊗D→C⊗D→A⊗D→0 is exact. AC is used here for freeness of the cycle and boundary submodules by Boundaries and cycles in a free complex over a PID are free and their free-module lifts which split the degree sequences, exactly as in that construction.

2.1step 1.1algebra

By The long exact sequence in homology, its relevant segment gives 0→coker⁡∂n+1→Hn(C⊗D)→ker⁡∂n→0. The calculation in the Tor-map lemma identifies Hn(Z⊗D)=⨁p+q=nZpC⊗HqD and identifies ∂n+1 with the sum of the inclusion maps BpC⊗HqD→ZpC⊗HqD. It also identifies ker⁡∂n and the map onto it with the displayed Tor sum and its established natural quotient.

3.1step 2.1algebra

For each (p,q), right exactness in Tensoring is right exact applied to BpC→ZpC→HpC→0 identifies the cokernel of that inclusion-tensor map with HpC⊗HqD. Cokernels of direct-sum maps are computed coordinatewise, giving coker⁡∂n+1=⨁p+q=nHpC⊗HqD. The injection into the middle homology sends [z]⊗[y] to [z⊗y], since it is induced by Z⊗D→C⊗D. Thus it is precisely the cross product in The Kunneth cross-product map is well defined and natural.

4.1step 2.1step 3.1algebra∎

Step 2.1 and step 3.1 prove exactness for the specified maps. Both are natural by the two map lemmas, hence this is a natural short exact sequence. The tensor differential and totalization are those of The tensor product of a right and a left chain complex is totalized by direct sums with the Koszul differential; the construction works for every integer degree with the stated finite diagonals, including zero summands and empty diagonals.

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Sources