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The Euler class of an oriented odd-rank bundle is two-torsion
Statement
Assume AC. Let be an integrally oriented numerable real vector bundle of odd rank over a base in the scope of the general Thom theorem. Then No unconditional vanishing of is asserted, and no homotopy of fiberwise to the identity is used or claimed.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, an integrally oriented numerable real rank- bundle with odd and , over a base in the general Thom scope.
An orientation of is a section of its orientation cover, and a fiberwise invertible bundle map is orientation-preserving when it carries the selected orientation to the selected orientation. In an oriented local frame this is equivalent to having positive determinant; consequently acts on the two orientations of a positive-rank fiber by the sign in rank (Oriented real bundles and oriented frame bundles).
The Euler class is natural for orientation-preserving pullbacks and isomorphism squares, and reversing an integral orientation negates it: for orientation-preserving , and (Naturality, orientation sign, and Whitney product for Euler classes, Euler class by zero-section pullback of the Thom class).
AC is the Axiom of Choice in the form fixed by The Axiom of Choice.
Proof
The map , fiberwise multiplication by , is a bundle isomorphism over . In any oriented local frame its matrix is , whose determinant has sign . By the orientation-cover action in [F1], therefore exchanges the two fiber orientations and carries the section to the opposite section . Thus it is an orientation-preserving bundle isomorphism from the oriented bundle to the differently oriented bundle over the identity.
The orientation-sign law gives , by the reversal clause of [F2] applied to the same underlying bundle with its two orientations.
Oriented naturality gives . Applying the naturality clause of [F2] to the isomorphism over the identity base map, the class of the source and the class of the target agree, which is the displayed identity and uses only that is orientation-preserving.
Combining gives , hence in the abelian group . No assertion that is homotopic to the identity is made: the argument compares two orientations of one bundle through an orientation-preserving isomorphism, exactly as displayed.
Boundary cases. Rank one is included directly in steps 1.1--3.1, so no separate triviality or section claim is needed. Rank zero is excluded: , so the map does not carry an orientation to its negative. Even positive rank is excluded for the same determinant-sign reason: there is orientation-preserving on itself, so the argument gives no two-torsion conclusion. Over the empty base the group is zero and the identity is vacuous. The only choice principle used is the Thom-theoretic AC of [F2].
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20 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Vector Bundles & K-Theory (standard reference, not scraped)
- Milnor and Stasheff, Characteristic Classes (standard reference, not scraped)