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The left-to-right exact equivalence sends the identity to the Nakayama functor

Statement

Let A be a finite k-linear abelian category with module model A≃A-mod (k-linear categories and k-linear functors). The equivalence Γrl=ΦrΨl:Lex⁡(A,A)→Rex⁡(A,A) of the categorical Eilenberg–Watts triangle is quasi-inverse to Γlr=ΦlΨr (Categorical Eilenberg–Watts equivalences for finite linear categories, Finite Eilenberg–Watts kernels: explicit end and coend universal maps), and it sends the identity functor, regarded as a left exact endofunctor, to the Nakayama functor NAr≅A∗⊗A−; dually Γlr sends the identity, regarded as right exact, to NAl≅Hom⁡A(A∗,−) (Left and right Nakayama functors by finite kernel calculus, Nakayama kernels give well-defined adjoint functors). Consequently the restriction of Γrl to the full category of exact endofunctors fails to be naturally isomorphic to their inclusion into Rex⁡(A,A) whenever NAr is not naturally isomorphic to the identity; in particular the equivalence between left exact and right exact endofunctors is not the identity-on-objects inclusion of exact functors in general (the companion examples page exhibits such a category). The equivalence and module data are supplied under the existence theorem's AC convention; this comparison uses no additional choice.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite k-linear abelian category A with a chosen module model A≃A-mod for a finite-dimensional unital k-algebra A (Abelian category, k-linear categories and k-linear functors), and the functors Φl,Φr,Ψl,Ψr of the categorical Eilenberg–Watts triangle together with the composites Γrl=ΦrΨl and Γlr=ΦlΨr (Left and right Nakayama functors by finite kernel calculus, Natural transformation and its components).

[F1]

The functors Φl(M)=Hom⁡A(M∗,−) and Φr(M)=M⊗A− are equivalences of categories onto Lex⁡(A,A) and Rex⁡(A,A) with quasi-inverses Ψl and Ψr, so ΨlΦl≅1, ΦlΨl≅1, ΨrΦr≅1 and ΦrΨr≅1; in particular Γrl is a functor Lex⁡(A,A)→Rex⁡(A,A) and Γlr is a functor Rex⁡(A,A)→Lex⁡(A,A) (Categorical Eilenberg–Watts equivalences for finite linear categories, Finite Eilenberg–Watts kernels: explicit end and coend universal maps, Natural isomorphism).

[F2]

The Nakayama functors are defined by NAr=Γrl(1A), the identity functor regarded as a left exact endofunctor, and NAl=Γlr(1A), the identity functor regarded as a right exact endofunctor; the identity functor of A preserves every limit and every colimit that exists in A, hence is both left exact and right exact (Left and right Nakayama functors by finite kernel calculus, Left exact and right exact functors, Covariant functor, identity functor, composite functor, and contravariant functor).

[F3]

In the model NAr≅A∗⊗A− and NAl≅Hom⁡A(A∗,−), and these functors are well defined and independent of the module model up to canonical natural isomorphism (Nakayama kernels give well-defined adjoint functors).

[F4]

If F≅G is a natural isomorphism of functors then every component F(X)→G(X) is an isomorphism; conjugation of a natural isomorphism by functors on either side is again a natural isomorphism, and composition of natural isomorphisms is a natural isomorphism (Natural isomorphism, Natural transformation and its components, Covariant functor, identity functor, composite functor, and contravariant functor).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF1F4

The composites ΓlrΓrl=ΦlΨrΦrΨl and ΓrlΓlr=ΦrΨlΦlΨr are computed by substituting the quasi-inverse isomorphisms of [F1]: conjugating ΨrΦr≅1 by Φl and Ψl gives ΦlΨrΦrΨl≅Φl1Ψl=ΦlΨl≅1, and conjugating ΨlΦl≅1 by Φr and Ψr gives ΦrΨlΦlΨr≅Φr1Ψr=ΦrΨr≅1, all by [F4]. Hence ΓlrΓrl≅1 and ΓrlΓlr≅1, so Γrl and Γlr are quasi-inverse to each other.

2.1step 1.1F2F3

By definition [F2] one has Γrl(1A)=NAr and Γlr(1A)=NAl, so Γrl sends the identity functor, regarded as a left exact endofunctor, to the Nakayama functor NAr, and dually Γlr sends the identity, regarded as right exact, to NAl. By [F3] these are computed in the model as NAr≅A∗⊗A− and NAl≅Hom⁡A(A∗,−).

3.1step 2.1F2F4∎

Since 1A is exact by [F2], it is a common object of Lex⁡(A,A) and Rex⁡(A,A), and the natural candidate for the equivalence to agree with the identity-on-objects inclusion of the exact endofunctors is the family of isomorphisms Γrl(F)≅F for the endofunctors F that are both left and right exact. If such a family existed, its member at F=1A together with Γrl(1A)=NAr would give a natural isomorphism NAr≅1A by [F4], contradicting the hypothesis that NAr is not naturally isomorphic to the identity. Hence this restriction of Γrl fails to be naturally isomorphic to the inclusion of exact endofunctors into Rex⁡(A,A) whenever NAr is not naturally isomorphic to the identity, and in particular the equivalence between left exact and right exact endofunctors is not the identity-on-objects inclusion of the exact endofunctors in general; the companion examples page exhibits a category where the hypothesis holds. Only the finite model, the identity functor and the finitely many (co)end data defining the triangle enter, so no commutativity of A and no choice are used.

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