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For sigma-finite measures, the section-measure functions are measurable
Statement
Let and be sigma-finite measure spaces, and let . Then the functions
are measurable from and into .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Sigma-finite measure spaces and , and a set .
Finite disjoint unions of measurable rectangles form an algebra that generates . (Finite disjoint unions of measurable rectangles form an algebra generating the product sigma-algebra)
If an algebra generates a sigma-algebra, then its monotone class is that same sigma-algebra. (The monotone class generated by an algebra equals the sigma-algebra it generates)
Pointwise monotone limits of measurable functions are measurable. (Sequential suprema, infima, limsup, liminf, and pointwise limits of measurable functions are measurable)
Measures are continuous on increasing sequences, and on decreasing sequences whose first term has finite measure. (Continuity from below for measures, Continuity from above when one set has finite measure)
Since is sigma-finite, there are measurable sets with for every . Likewise there are measurable with .
If , then and for every . If , then , and continuity from above on the finite-measure space gives .
Proof
Fix and let consist of product-measurable sets for which is measurable. If is a finite disjoint union of rectangles , its sections are disjoint unions of those with . Finite additivity therefore gives All coefficients are finite by [A1]. On each of the finitely many measurable Boolean atoms of the sets , this function is constant; hence the inverse image of any Borel set is a finite union of those atoms. The empty union gives the zero function. Thus the entire generating algebra from [L1], not merely its individual rectangles, is contained in .
Sections commute with increasing unions and decreasing intersections. For an increasing sequence in , [L4] identifies the section-measure function of its union with the pointwise increasing limit. For a decreasing sequence, all restricted sections have measure at most , so [L4] likewise identifies the function of the intersection with the decreasing limit. In both cases [L3] makes that limit measurable. Thus is a monotone class, and [L1], [L2] and step 1.1 imply that it contains every product-measurable set.
Applying step 2.1 to shows that is measurable for every . Since , [L4] gives for each , and [L3] proves measurability of .
Interchanging the two factors and using the finite-measure exhaustion proves measurability of by the same argument. Therefore both section-measure functions are measurable.
Depends on
- Sections E_x, E^y, f_x, and f^y on a product
- Finite disjoint unions of measurable rectangles form an algebra generating the product sigma-algebra
- Every section of a product-measurable set is measurable
- The monotone class generated by an algebra equals the sigma-algebra it generates
- Finite, sigma-finite, and semifinite measures
- Measures on sigma-algebras
- Continuity from below for measures
- Continuity from above when one set has finite measure
- Sequential suprema, infima, limsup, liminf, and pointwise limits of measurable functions are measurable
Used by
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Sources
- Terence Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory, Corollary 1.7.17 (standard reference, not scraped)
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory, Theorem 5.15 (standard reference, not scraped)