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The countable-product cylinder premeasure is countably additive
Statement
Assume countable choice and dependent choice. For a countable sequence of probability spaces and its finite-product cylinder law , is a premeasure on the cylinder algebra.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable choice, dependent choice, a countable sequence of probability spaces, its cylinder algebra, and the finitely additive law .
The finite-coordinate product law is a probability measure and has the rectangle formula. (For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique)
For product-measurable in two sigma-finite factors, each section is measurable, its section-measure function is measurable, and the product mass is the integral of that function. (For sigma-finite measures, the section-measure functions are measurable, The product measure of two sigma-finite measure spaces)
A decreasing sequence of measurable sets with finite first measure has measure converging to that of its intersection. (Continuity from above when one set has finite measure)
Countable choice supplies a point of the product of the nonempty coordinate spaces. (The Axiom of Countable Choice ())
Under countable choice, a countable union of finite coordinate supports is countable. (Countable unions of at most countable sets, assuming )
Dependent choice licenses a recursively constructed sequence when the admissible next coordinate depends on the prefix already chosen. (The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain)
Proof
Every coordinate space is nonempty because it carries a probability measure. By [F4], the coordinate product is therefore nonempty, so the finitely additive cylinder law is well-defined. Let be cylinders and suppose that for every . By [F5], enumerate the countable union of their finite supports. After enlarging supports, take to be determined by the first active coordinates, with nondecreasing. Recursively regarding each finite product as a two-factor product, [F2] expresses each cylinder mass as the integral of its measurable next-coordinate section-mass function.
The finite-stage section argument recursively maintains the following invariant after coordinates have been chosen: every remaining -section has tail-cylinder mass at least . For a prefix with this invariant, let be the measurable set of possible next coordinates whose further section has mass at least . The decrease with . The section formula and the bound by give the next-coordinate measure of at least ; [F3] therefore makes nonempty. Every choice from this intersection extends the prefix and preserves the invariant.
By [F6], make the recursively compatible selections from step 2.1. For each , once the first active coordinates have been selected, they lie in the finite base of because its remaining section has positive mass. Fill any inactive coordinates with the product point supplied by [F4]. The resulting point lies in every , contradicting . Thus .
Finite additivity plus continuity at the empty set gives countable additivity whenever a disjoint union remains a cylinder: apply it to the decreasing remainders. Hence is a premeasure.
Depends on
- Consistent finite-dimensional laws define a well-defined finitely additive cylinder law
- For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique
- The product measure of two sigma-finite measure spaces
- For sigma-finite measures, the section-measure functions are measurable
- Continuity from above when one set has finite measure
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Countable unions of at most countable sets, assuming $\mathrm{AC}_\omega$
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed chain
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Kajino, Probability Theory, proof of Theorem 3.65 (standard reference, not scraped)