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Assuming countable and dependent choice, countable products of arbitrary probability spaces
Statement
Assume countable choice and dependent choice. For probability spaces there is a unique probability measure on such that, for every finite , its -coordinate marginal is .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable choice, dependent choice, and a sequence of probability spaces.
Under the two stated choice principles, the cylinder law with the displayed finite product values is a premeasure. (The countable-product cylinder premeasure is countably additive)
Assuming countable choice, a premeasure extends to a measure on the sigma-algebra it generates. (Assuming countable choice, a premeasure extends through its induced outer measure)
A lambda-system containing a pi-system contains the sigma-algebra generated by that pi-system. (Dynkin's pi-lambda theorem)
Proof
Define . The finite product marginals are consistent, so [F1] applies.
By [F2], extends to a measure on the generated cylinder sigma-algebra. Since the empty cylinder is and has value , is a probability measure.
Let be another probability measure with the stated marginals. The family is a lambda-system: it contains the whole space because both measures have mass one, is closed under relative complements of nested members, and is closed under increasing countable unions by continuity from below. The two measures agree on every cylinder, and cylinders are a pi-system by Finite-coordinate cylinders form a -system, so [F3] gives . Hence .
Depends on
- Coordinate maps, finite-coordinate cylinders, and the cylinder $\sigma$-algebra
- Finite-coordinate cylinders form a $\pi$-system
- The countable-product cylinder premeasure is countably additive
- Assuming countable choice, a premeasure extends through its induced outer measure
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed chain
- Dynkin's pi-lambda theorem
Used by
- Coordinate random elements of a countable product are independent Corollary
- Countably many independent copies of a prescribed law exist Corollary
- An i.i.d. sequence with a prescribed law Example
- The infinite fair-coin-toss space Example
- State-space and index-set boundaries of the two extension routes Remark
Dependency tree · two levels
32 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Kajino, Probability Theory, Theorem 3.65 (standard reference, not scraped)