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For sigma-finite measures, the two section-measure integrals of a measurable set agree
Statement
Let and be sigma-finite measure spaces, and let . Then
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Sigma-finite measure spaces and , and a set .
The section-measure functions and are measurable. (For sigma-finite measures, the section-measure functions are measurable)
Finite disjoint unions of measurable rectangles form an algebra generating . (Finite disjoint unions of measurable rectangles form an algebra generating the product sigma-algebra)
The monotone class generated by an algebra coincides with the generated sigma-algebra. (The monotone class generated by an algebra equals the sigma-algebra it generates)
Monotone convergence allows integrals of increasing nonnegative functions to pass to the limit. (Monotone convergence for the integral)
Since and are sigma-finite, there are measurable exhaustions and with .
Proof
Fix . Let be the family of measurable subsets such that If , then for and otherwise, so both integrals equal . Finite additivity gives the same equality for the algebra of [L2].
If inside , then [L1] and [L4] give , and similarly on . Hence is closed under increasing unions. For , put . Each section-integral of equals the finite number minus the corresponding section-integral of . This follows by adding the complementary sections and integrating; all quantities are finite because they are bounded by that finite product. Thus . If , their relative complements increase to ; closure under increasing unions and complements therefore gives . The class is now proved monotone in both directions and contains the relative rectangle algebra by step 1.1. Applying [L2] and [L3] on yields every product-measurable subset of that rectangle.
Put . Step 2.1 gives Now for and otherwise, so as the two integrands increase pointwise to and .
Applying [L4] on both sides of step 3.1 and then letting gives This is the claimed equality.
Depends on
- For sigma-finite measures, the section-measure functions are measurable
- Finite disjoint unions of measurable rectangles form an algebra generating the product sigma-algebra
- The monotone class generated by an algebra equals the sigma-algebra it generates
- Monotone convergence for the integral
- Integral over a measurable subset
- Finite, sigma-finite, and semifinite measures
Used by
- A set can have measurable horizontal and vertical sections and still fail to be product-measurable Counterexample
- The product measure of two sigma-finite measure spaces Definition
- FALSE: if every horizontal and vertical section is measurable, then the set is product-measurable False statement
- For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique Theorem
- Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Terence Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory, Theorem 1.7.15 (standard reference, not scraped)