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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-26
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A Bernstein set has inner measure 0, and in every nondegenerate interval its intersection has full outer measure

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let BR be a Bernstein set.

  1. λ(B)=0.
  2. For every nondegenerate bounded interval IR, λ(BI)=λ(I).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice and a Bernstein set BR.

[L1]

Every compact subset of a Bernstein set is countable (Every compact subset of a Bernstein set is countable).

[F1]

λ(E)=sup{λ(K):KE and K is compact} (Lebesgue inner measure on the real line).

[L2]

Every at most countable subset of R has measure zero (Every at most countable subset of R has measure zero).

[L3]

Assuming countable choice, λ(E)=inf{λ(U):UR open and EU} (Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue outer measure of an arbitrary subset of Rn is the infimum of the measures of the open sets containing it).

[L4]

Assuming countable choice, every interval with any endpoint convention is Lebesgue measurable with its usual length (A box in Rn with parameters aibi is Lebesgue measurable of measure i<n(biai), whichever of its faces are included).

[L5]

Every open subset of R is a countable disjoint union of open intervals (Every open subset of R is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components).

[L7]

A perfect subset of R is closed and has no isolated points (Perfect subset of R: closed with no isolated points).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Every compact subset of B is countable by [L1], hence has Lebesgue measure 0 by [L2]. Since 0 is attained by the compact set , the supremum in [F1] is exactly 0. Therefore λ(B)=0.

L1L2F1
1.2

Let I be a nondegenerate bounded interval, and assume λ(BI)<λ(I). Choose a closed nondegenerate interval JI with λ(BI)<λ(J); this is possible by moving any omitted endpoints inward by a sufficiently small amount. By [L3] choose an open set UBI with λ(U)<λ(J). Then F:=JU is closed in R, satisfies FIB, and is measurable. Because UJ is measurable and contained in U, [L4] gives λ(F)=λ(J)λ(UJ)λ(J)λ(U)>0. In particular F is uncountable by [L2]. The closed uncountable set F has a nonempty perfect subset: its set of condensation points is closed, nonempty, and has no isolated points by the argument of Every compact subset of a Bernstein set is countable. That perfect subset lies inside IB, contradicting the Bernstein property. Therefore λ(BI)=λ(I).

L2L3L4L5L6L7
2.1

Step 1.1 is claim 1, and step 1.2 is claim 2.

step 1.1step 1.2

Depends on

Used by

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