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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-27
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A category with finite biproducts is enriched in commutative monoids

Statement

If a category has finite biproducts, then each hom-set carries a canonical commutative monoid structure for which composition is bilinear.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A category C with finite biproducts and objects A,B,C.

[L1]

Biproducts can be recognized from products, coproducts, and the zero equations without using any pre-existing addition (Biproduct data characterisation without addition).

[L2]

The empty biproduct is a zero object (The empty biproduct is a zero object).

[L3]

Finite biproducts are associative, commutative, and unital up to canonical isomorphism (Biproducts are associative, commutative, and unital up to canonical isomorphism).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Let B:BBB be the copairing [1B,1B], and for f,g:AB define f+g:=Bf,g. Let 0A,B be the zero morphism through the zero object supplied by [L2]. These constructions are available because BB is simultaneously a product and a coproduct by [L1].

L1L2construct
2.1

Commutativity follows from the symmetry isomorphism τ:BBBB in [L3]: one has τf,g=g,f and Bτ=B, so f+g=Bf,g=Bg,f=g+f. The unit law follows from the canonical identifications B0B0B in [L3], which turn f,0A,B and 0A,B,f into the evident copies of f.

L2L3step 1.1
2.2

Under the canonical associativity isomorphism of [L3], both (f+g)+h and f+(g+h) are the composite of the triple pairing f,g,h:ABBB with the triple codiagonal [1B,1B,1B]:BBBB. Hence the addition is associative.

L3step 1.1
2.3

If k:BC, then k(f+g)=kBf,g=Ckf,kg=kf+kg, because postcomposing a coproduct copairing with k gives the copairing of the postcomposites. Dually, (f+g)h=fh+gh for every h:XA, because precomposing a product pairing with h gives the pairing of the precomposites. Thus composition is bilinear.

L1step 1.1algebra
3.1

Steps 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 show that each hom-set is a commutative monoid with bilinear composition. So the category is enriched in commutative monoids.

step 2.1step 2.2step 2.3

Depends on

Used by

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Sources