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Under the Axiom of Countable Choice, Baire sequence space is Polish, and its standard ultrametric is complete
Statement
On define for and when is the least index with . Then is a complete ultrametric inducing the cylinder topology. Assuming the Axiom of Countable Choice, Baire sequence space is separable and hence Polish.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The objects, hypotheses, and choice principles stated above.
The Baire sequence space is , the set of functions from to itself (def-the-set-of-functions-from-one-set-to-another), with the product topology obtained by giving each copy of the discrete topology (def-product-topology, def-standard-topologies). For a finite sequence , its cylinder is . The empty sequence has cylinder , and these cylinders form a basis. (Baire sequence space and its cylinder topology).
A topological space is Polish when it is separable (def-separable-space) and completely metrizable: its topology is induced by some complete metric (lem-complete-remetrisation). No particular compatible complete metric or countable dense subset is part of the structure. (Polish spaces are separable completely metrizable spaces).
Let be a metric space (def-metric-space). is complete if every Cauchy sequence in converges to a point of ; a subset is called complete when the metric subspace is complete. (Complete metric space: every Cauchy sequence converges in the space).
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let be a family of at most countable sets indexed by . Then is at most countable (Countable unions of at most countable sets, assuming ).
Proof
Give two unequal sequences distance where is their first differing index.
Verify the ultrametric and cylinder topology.
A Cauchy sequence eventually stabilises in every coordinate, producing a limit; eventually constant sequences form a countable dense set.
Check the zero-index convention at the first coordinate.
The preceding construction and implications establish the assertion.
Depends on
Used by
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Sources
- David Marker, Descriptive Set Theory, §§1–2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michael Kunzinger, General Topology, §§11.3–11.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- MFF General Topology course summary, §4.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jesse Peterson, Real Analysis, §§3.6–3.7 (standard reference, not scraped)