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Blumenthal's zero-one law
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice, let be a standard Brownian motion, and let be the germ sigma-algebra at zero The Brownian germ sigma-algebra at zero. Then every event has .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a standard Brownian motion , and an event .
The germ sigma-algebra is the intersection of the raw pasts at positive times, and it is contained in the usual time-zero sigma-algebra . The Brownian germ sigma-algebra at zero Natural and usual augmented Brownian filtrations
For every bounded Borel functional of the future path and every , almost surely, where , and likewise with the raw past in place of . Future-path Markov property
Conditional-expectation versions are characterized by their event integrals, and almost surely. Conditional expectation as an ae class Conditional expectation is unique almost surely Brownian motion
AC supplies the conditional-expectation interface of [F3]. The Axiom of Choice
Proof
Since , one has for every , hence ; equivalently for the corresponding product-measurable set of the path space, that is, is an event of the sigma-algebra generated by the whole future path . By [F1] we also have .
Fix any -event and any product-measurable path set . Let be the measurable inclusion from [F2]. By [F2] at for the bounded Borel functional of the future path, almost surely; because almost surely and is Wiener measure on the continuous path space, . Thus the conditional expectation is the constant . The event-integral characterization in [F3] therefore gives ; in particular, the product-space future path is independent of the completed time-zero sigma-algebra.
Apply step 1.2 to and to the path set supplied by step 1.1, so that . Taking in step 1.2 also gives . Hence , so .
Step 2.1 classifies the number , not the set . For example, a Brownian realization may contain a null exceptional outcome at which ; then can be nonempty and proper while having probability zero. No right-continuity of the raw filtration at zero is used, only the containment of the germ in the usual time-zero sigma-algebra and the future-path independence at . AC is used only through [F4] in the conditional-expectation characterization of step 1.2.
Source notes
Durrett, Theorem 7.2.3, and Sousi, Theorem 6.13, prove the zero-one law from the independence of the future increments from the germ. The proof above consumes the future-path theorem at in the completed filtration, so completion causes no gap, and it avoids the reverse-martingale formulation.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Rick Durrett, Probability: Theory and Examples, fifth edition, Theorem 7.2.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Perla Sousi, Advanced Probability, Theorem 6.13 (standard reference, not scraped)