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A nonadapted step integrand breaks the Ito isometry
Statement refuted
The inference "every step integrand satisfies the Ito isometry , where the naive integral of a step coefficient is the corresponding finite sum of Brownian increments" is false. For the step integrand on , with the naive terminal sum , satisfies whereas a step integrand satisfying the isometry would give equality because . The coefficient is a step coefficient on but is not -measurable, so it is not an admissible elementary predictable integrand.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, the standing hypothesis (H), with chosen to be the usual augmented natural filtration of , a horizon , the event , and the step integrand on .
has law ; in particular for a standard normal , which lies strictly between and because the standard normal density is strictly positive on and has total mass one. Standard normal and normal laws Brownian covariance is equivalent to independent stationary normal increments Brownian motion
An elementary predictable integrand on has bounded coefficients measurable at the left endpoints of its blocks; a coefficient on a block starting at must therefore be -measurable. The usual augmented Brownian filtration has a trivial time-zero sigma-algebra: is the sigma-algebra generated by the germ together with the terminal null sets of the usual augmented filtration, and every germ event has probability or by Blumenthal's law, so every set in has probability or . Natural and usual augmented Brownian filtrations Blumenthal's zero-one law
AC is declared for the ambient interfaces. The Axiom of Choice
Counterexample
On the event one has by definition of , while off the integrand vanishes; hence , and the inequality is strict on the nonempty event (where strictly), so .
The integrand is not admissible: and by [F1]; an event in differs from a germ event in only by a null set, so by [F2] every set in has probability or ; hence , so a block coefficient equal to on violates the left-endpoint measurability requirement at time .
Since , one has and , so by step 1.1; this is the asserted violation of the isometry-type equality, and by [F1], so the strict inequality is between finite positive numbers.
The witness therefore separates the two hypotheses: with the left-endpoint measurability clause enforced, the elementary isometry of item 7 computes for the admissible case; dropping that clause and using the future information contained in admits the strict violation above. Note that the symmetry of does not rescue the mean: it is the second moment, not the first, that the isometry governs, and the failure exhibited is a second-moment failure. AC enters only through [F3].
Source notes
Lawler, Section 3.2.2, requires the simple-process coefficients to be measurable with respect to the past of their intervals; the example exhibits exactly why that hypothesis cannot be dropped from the isometry.
Depends on
- Elementary predictable Brownian integrands
- Standard normal and normal laws
- Brownian covariance is equivalent to independent stationary normal increments
- Natural and usual augmented Brownian filtrations
- Blumenthal's zero-one law
- Brownian motion
- The Axiom of Choice
- AC supplies countable selections and prescribed serial paths
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
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Sources
- Gregory F. Lawler, Stochastic Calculus: An Introduction with Applications, Section 3.2.2 (standard reference, not scraped)