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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedverified 2026-09-26 (gpt-6-sol)
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The values of a central character are algebraic integers

Statement

Let G be a finite group, let χ be an irreducible complex character of G, and let C be a conjugacy class of G. Then ωχ(C^) is an algebraic integer.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite group G, an irreducible complex character χ of G, and a conjugacy class C of G.

[F1]

The class sum C^ acts on the irreducible representation affording χ as the scalar ωχ(C^) (Class sums act on an irreducible representation by central-character scalars).

[F2]

An element is integral over Z exactly when it lies in a faithful module that is finitely generated over Z (Integrality and finite-module characterizations for one element).

[F3]

Integral elements over a nonzero base ring form a subring (Integral elements over a nonzero base ring form a subring).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenalgebra

Let C1,…,Cr be the conjugacy classes of G, and let A be the Z-subring of Z(C[G]) generated by the class sums C^1,…,C^r. If C^iC^j=∑knijkC^k, then for any fixed z∈Ck, the coefficient nijk counts pairs (x,y)∈Ci×Cj with xy=z. Conjugation bijects these pairs for any two choices of z∈Ck, so nijk∈Z. Hence the additive group of A is contained in the free abelian group on the finitely many class sums, so A is finitely generated as a Z-module.

2.1F2F3step 1.1algebra

The ring A is a faithful A-module over itself, and step 1.1 makes it finitely generated over Z. Therefore [F2] shows that each generator C^i is integral over Z. Then [F3] implies that every element of A is integral over Z.

3.1F1step 2.1algebra∎

Let V be an irreducible representation affording χ. By [F1], the action of A on V sends each a∈A to a scalar λχ(a)∈C, and a↦λχ(a) is a ring homomorphism because the action of A is by endomorphisms. If m(X)∈Z[X] is monic with m(C^)=0, then applying λχ gives the monic equation m(ωχ(C^))=0. So ωχ(C^) is integral over Z, that is, an algebraic integer.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources