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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-22
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Coadjoint orbits are symplectic manifolds

Statement

Assume ACω. Let Og be a coadjoint orbit with its canonical immersed homogeneous-space structure and let ω be the KKS form of The Kirillov--Kostant--Souriau form on a coadjoint orbit. Then ω is a smooth, closed, nondegenerate two-form on O, so (O,ω) is a symplectic manifold. It is G-invariant, and the inclusion Φ:Og satisfies the component moment equations dΦ,ξ=ιξOω for the coadjoint action. It is the unique two-form on O for which the inclusion is an infinitesimal moment map, hence in particular the unique G-invariant symplectic form with that property.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: ACω, a coadjoint orbit O with its canonical structure, and the KKS form ω.

[A1]

ACω is countable choice; it is used only through the orbit and fundamental-field suppliers cited below.

[F1]

The KKS form is defined by ωβ(ξO(β),ηO(β))=β([ξ,η]) and is independent of representatives. The Kirillov--Kostant--Souriau form on a coadjoint orbit, The KKS formula is independent of the Lie-algebra representatives.

[F2]

The infinitesimal orbit map ξξO(β) has image all of TβO and kernel gβ, and ξO is smooth. Kernel of the infinitesimal orbit map, Every orbit is an injectively immersed homogeneous space.

[F3]

The fundamental field of the coadjoint action satisfies ξg(β)(η)=β([ξ,η]). The coadjoint representation, action and orbits.

[F4]

Fundamental fields are equivariant: d(ah)βξO(β)=(Adhξ)O(hβ), and Adh=d(Ch)e preserves brackets because the differential of a Lie-group homomorphism is a Lie-algebra homomorphism. Adjoint intertwines the exponential map, Adjoint is a smooth Lie-group representation, Differential of a Lie-group homomorphism is a Lie-algebra homomorphism, Fundamental vector fields for a left action.

[F5]

Cartan's magic formula LXω=d(ιXω)+ιX(dω) holds, and LXω=0 whenever the flow of X preserves ω. Cartan's magic formula, A tensor field is flow-invariant exactly when its Lie derivative vanishes.

[F6]

The inclusion Φ(β)=β is smooth, and its components Φξ(β)=β,ξ are linear on the vector space g, so dΦβξ(v)=v(ξ) for vTβgg. Every orbit is an injectively immersed homogeneous space.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

By [F1] the KKS prescription gives, at every βO, an alternating bilinear form on TβO, because the bracket is bilinear and alternating.

F1F2given
2.1

Smoothness: fix β0O and, using [F2], choose finitely many ξ1,,ξkg whose fields ξiO(β0) form a basis of Tβ0O. By continuity the same fields are linearly independent on a neighbourhood U of β0, and they are smooth by [F2], so they form a smooth frame of TOU. On U the frame values ω(ξiO,ξjO)=Φ[ξi,ξj] are smooth functions, and expanding two smooth fields in the frame with smooth coefficients shows that ω is smooth on U; such neighbourhoods cover O.

step 1.1F2F3
2.2

Nondegeneracy: let βO and suppose ωβ(ξO(β),ηO(β))=0 for all ηg. Then β([ξ,η])=0 for all η, so ξg(β)=0 by [F3], so ξgβ and ξO(β)=0 by [F2]. Hence the radical of ωβ is zero.

step 1.1F2F3
2.3

G-invariance: for hG and βO, step 1.1 and [F4] give ωhβ(d(ah)βξO(β),d(ah)βηO(β))=ωhβ((Adhξ)O(hβ),(Adhη)O(hβ))=(hβ)([Adhξ,Adhη])=β([ξ,η])=ωβ(ξO(β),ηO(β)).

step 1.1F1F3F4
2.4

The inclusion satisfies the moment equation: for ζg and βO, [F6] and [F3] give dΦβζ(ηO(β))=ηO(β)(ζ)=β([η,ζ])=β([ζ,η])=ωβ(ζO(β),ηO(β)). Since the vectors ηO(β) span TβO by [F2], this is exactly ιζOω=dΦζ.

step 1.1F2F3F6
3.1

Closedness: the flow of ξO is the action of the one-parameter group expG(tξ), which preserves ω by step 2.3, so LξOω=0 by [F5]. By step 2.4 the one-form ιξOω=dΦξ is exact, hence closed. Cartan's formula [F5] gives ιξOdω=LξOωdιξOω=0; since the fields ξO span each tangent space by [F2], dω=0.

step 2.3step 2.4F2F5
4.1

Uniqueness: let ω be any two-form on O for which the inclusion satisfies the same component moment equations. Then for all β,ξ,η, ωβ(ξO(β),ηO(β))=ωβ(ηO(β),ξO(β))=dΦβη(ξO(β))=ξO(β)(η)=β([ξ,η])=ωβ(ξO(β),ηO(β)), and the fundamental fields span each tangent space by [F2], so ω=ω.

step 2.4F2F3F6A1

Depends on

Used by

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