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The cogood node gives the simple socle and head of the residue induction
Statement
Let be a field of characteristic , a -restricted partition of and with ; let be the cogood -node and (Residue signatures, normal, good, conormal and cogood nodes). Then has simple socle and simple head, both isomorphic to , and the total (ungraded) multiplicity of in is (Generalized Jucys-Murphy primary idempotents and the residue-summand functors , ).
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A field of characteristic , a -restricted partition of , a residue with , its cogood node , and .
The integrated Schur endomorphism algebra has normalized semistandard cell maps and actual weight projections, and the right corner is transported by (The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules, The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras). Nonzero cellular form quotients are absolutely simple and classify the simples; canonical Schur norm one makes all Schur labels nonzero (Nonzero cell heads classify the simple modules of a cellular algebra). All corner and socle-lifting assertions needed below are proved locally.
The accepted integral root-interval supplier gives the operators, splitting identity (P), zero criterion (Z), matched norm (M), and triangular hats, including distinct essential hats and the essential-regular characterization of root normality (An integral essential-subset basis and count for type-A root intervals). Its global tensor/positive-detection foundation is recalled explicitly below; no characteristic-zero PBW or strong-linkage premise is used.
The independent Murphy datum and signed-conjugate module/form bridge have form factor one at (The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form, Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells). The published ordinary group form criterion and classification give distinct absolutely irreducible quotients exactly at regular labels, with nondegenerate invariant quotient forms (Nonzero modular Specht quotient criterion, Modular simple modules of the symmetric group, Modular Specht form and radical quotient). Thus the restricted convention is obtained through the actual sign/inverse dictionary, not a finite- Hecke classifier.
The complete locally proved Conormal-node composition multiplicities under residue induction gives, over every field of characteristic , zero multiplicity off conormality and otherwise the number of conormal -nodes weakly above the restricted addition . The recovered reviewer independently verified its tensor-weight support, integer opposed recurrence, boundary-stack evaluation, actual induction corner and central-content residue allocation on the guarded companion proposal. Only the final total-multiplicity step uses this interface.
Normal/good and conormal/cogood mean the surviving signs, first surviving minus and last surviving plus in the top-to-bottom reduced signature (Residue signatures, normal, good, conormal and cogood nodes). Primary projectors are commuting polynomials in the Jucys-Murphy elements, inverse fixes them, and commutes with (Generalized Jucys-Murphy primary idempotents and the residue-summand functors , ). Their needed content/adjunction interfaces are proved locally below. A self-dual finite-dimensional module has head dual to socle (The radical, socle, head, and Loewy series of a finite-dimensional module).
Proof
We first establish the restriction endpoint locally. Work with left Schur modules through star. In tensor degree , the word of has th letter the row containing in ; at regular type it is , with zero-multiplicity labels omitted. Over the evaluations span the tensor Schur algebra: a functional killing them gives a polynomial zero on invertible matrices; multiplication by and the infinite-field polynomial identity force that polynomial to be zero. Schur simples are therefore simple polynomial modules. The canonical shape/type diagonal is its permutation-summand projection, whose square gives canonical form value one. Semistandard column strictness bounds entries at most by the first rows, so all weights are dominated by the highest weight and the highest space is . Integer torus characters, rather than Lie eigenvalues modulo , distinguish these weights.
Gaussian factorization on the big cell shows that negative coefficient operators on span its simple module: a functional killing them kills on that open set and hence everywhere by polynomial identity. Similarly, positive coefficient operators detect every nonzero vector of weight . If every positive highest coefficient vanished, the highest coefficient of would vanish on the big cell, because negative operators cannot raise any weight to ; it would then vanish on the orbit of , which spans the simple and contains . All coefficient operators have integral tensor replacement matrices, and the ranks and Hom kernels of finite matrices preserve extension from to . These arguments consequently descend to .
Let , , and let be the full last-coordinate-one subspace of . A primitive vector means one killed by every nonconstant coefficient of the upper Levi unipotent group, not merely by its Lie generators. Factor the full upper group as , where has only the last column above the diagonal nontrivial. A positive test of a Levi-primitive vector acts only through , since the right-hand nonconstant Levi coefficients kill it. Raising last coordinate to highest coordinate requires a monomial of degree exactly one. Positive detection therefore gives for some . Hence , where , even when the initial first-level deficit was arbitrary. On that primitive weight space is injective by the same detection argument, so its dimension is at most one.
Put and use and . For nonempty , the canonical kills a primitive vector: if , its ascending-prefix letter commutes past the remaining ascending letters, whose indices exceed , and becomes a rightmost Levi letter with . Expand a nonzero primitive vector of weight in the essential basis and select the largest hat among its nonzero coefficients. The triangular pivot isolates a nonzero term. That hat cannot be nonempty, since its test would annihilate the vector. Distinct essential hats therefore leave exactly one essential set with empty hat. Empty is linked precisely to a regular set, and the essential-regular matching theorem says such a set exists precisely when is normal. This proves necessity of normality.
Conversely, for normal let and choose its compensation with and . Put . The inverse matching makes regular, so its hat is empty. The matched norm is : , and removes exactly the other zero factors. Thus is nonzero, and the maximal-hat assertion gives for every nonempty . For , every positive test of has grade . Expanding its root matrices into simple words and appending the rightmost gives full words with nonempty canonical index, since acts before . All highest coefficients vanish, so positive detection gives . For the target weight is outside dominance below and is zero. A nonconstant Levi coefficient whose weight is not bounded by likewise has zero target. At a weight bounded by , root-variable exponents are at most one, so the coefficient is a product of positive root matrices, each an iterated simple-root commutator; its rightmost root kills the vector. This proves full group primitivity. The primitive line at is consequently one-dimensional exactly at normal , and we denote any nonzero vector on it by .
We separate primitive labels integrally, including . In tensor degree for Levi rank , put and define to act on a weight by the integer reduced in . Concretely it is , with no division by in . The tensor action of the group central transposition sum satisfies the exact integer identity . The equal-position part of is ; after subtracting it, the terms are exactly the two swaps of unequal labels. The diagonal terms count equal-label pairs. Since commutes with the position group and every Schur endomorphism, this operator belongs to the Schur algebra and is central.
On a primitive vector of dominant weight , kills it for , so acts by . Therefore has scalar . The binomial here is the actual diagonal weight operator of step 6.1. Centrality makes this scalar constant on the cyclic module generated by the vector. For first-level , it is , so . Thus the cyclic Levi module generated by cannot contain another primitive when . Equality of the scalars alone does not prove simplicity; we treat it explicitly next.
Suppose are normal and . Choose for the demands of as in step 5.1. For , , and . The demands of split into and . Compensation for , inherited from normality of , has image below . Since , all those targets and lie at most . Combining their matching with gives compensation for every demand of , so choose and . For each its matched gives , hence . If and , then .
Splitting (P) gives . The last term is zero. The middle term has a (Z) witness with endpoint , outside its cuts because and . Removing matched source releases its zero- target ; assign to and retain the matching on . All distinct bounded targets are below . Hence that term is zero as well. For , (P) omits the middle term and its last coefficient is . In both cases , without a field denominator.
The Gaussian argument on a cyclic module, without assuming simplicity, shows that is spanned by negative Levi coefficients on and has weights at most . Any nonzero proper Schur submodule contains a simple Schur submodule and thus a primitive by step 3.1. Dominance gives . For , its one-dimensional line is the generating line and would generate all of ; thus a proper submodule has , and the central scalar requires . Conversely, such an earlier normal gives a proper nonzero by step 9.1, since its weights are at most . Consequently is simple precisely when is normal with no earlier normal satisfying . All simple Schur submodules of are exactly these , each once: every simple has a primitive highest vector, and each primitive line has dimension one.
Now assume restricted. The root criterion is its physical signature criterion: identifies the removable node in row ; scanning , a nonzero gives a removable push if and an addable pop at row if . These events have the residue of row ; at the matching slot supplies and consumes itself and is neutral. For , the two events are disjoint. The compensation-prefix inequalities are exactly survival of the initial push in the signature stack. Also compares the residues. Thus the simple cyclic modules in step 10.1 are exactly at the good nodes. Their lower labels are restricted: removing row decreases by one and increases by one. The only failure, when , would be . Then , and is also normal, since its later demands are those of , , and the compensation for is also valid for . This contradicts goodness. Hence every Schur socle factor survives the restricted-label corner; no assertion is made about the other composition factors.
To transfer without a held generic classifier, for choose and the regular composition , so even for columns. Compute the cell corner temporarily in its original right-module convention, then transport through star. Its permutation summand is , and its actual projection gives via . Type- tableaux correspond to standard tableaux by increasing relabeling to . Their normalized map fibers are singleton, and evaluation at sends to . Higher ideals correspond as equality of corner basis spans. The Weyl weight projection keeps exactly these basis vectors; read its cell action using a fixed outer index of the same type and evaluate at to get the Murphy action. Thus with the actual same-shape normalization.
In the Schur cell product choose all four indices standard of type . Evaluation at turns into , so the unique Murphy coefficient gives . The factor is one. Since , the Weyl splitting is orthogonal, giving , including zero corner forms. Projection is exact by lifting through and taking kernels fixed by . Hence . The actual form-unit bridge identifies it with , nonzero exactly when is regular. Transporting these right-cell identities through star gives the corresponding left corners and used below. Their nonzero images are exactly the distinct absolutely simple restricted-label modules , with the inverse group convention fixed by the nondegenerate quotient form.
Let be the sum of actual weight projections with last coordinate one, so . The lower Schur orbit matrix embeds as ; on each word with one it preserves that position and applies to the remaining ordered positions. Products agree and the lower identity is , and transpose/star is respected. The lower regular projection of maps to . On the coset-word convention of step 1.1, acts by label permutation on the used lower labels, fixing , identically to for the subgroup fixing the last entry of . Thus, in the left convention, . Write for this lower Schur algebra; every socle and corner lift of below is over . The inverse/star equivalence passes between right and left modules and commutes with this embedding, restriction and sign; the ordinary simple labels are fixed by their nondegenerate invariant quotient forms. No self-duality of a degenerate Specht module is assumed.
Socle preservation requires more than exactness. By step 11.1 every Schur socle simple of survives . A nonzero Schur submodule killed by would contain a simple submodule inside that socle, whose corner is nonzero, a contradiction. Now a group-simple injection corresponds to , , . Its image is generated by its corner . A proper Schur submodule of has either , excluded by the no-killed-submodule property, or , which generates and forces . Thus is simple. Every group-simple corner submodule lifts to an actual Schur simple submodule, and conversely every surviving Schur simple has simple corner. Exactness on the semisimple sum, distinct labels and the one-dimensional primitive lines yield , multiplicity-free with exactly the good-deletion labels. The unused coordinate includes columns and , whose lower degree-zero corner is .
The group central acts on by , since its tensor action is step 6.1 and its regular-summand action is ; right multiplication equals left multiplication for this central element. On the good lower label it acts by . Therefore has scalar on that simple submodule, with the restricted convention . Primary projection selects just that residue, and socles respect the actual direct sum. We obtain when , and zero otherwise. In the latter case , since a nonzero finite-dimensional module contains a simple submodule.
The invariant nondegenerate quotient form makes self-dual. A primary polynomial projector in is self-adjoint, since the inverse involution fixes , so its summand has a restricted nondegenerate invariant form. Its head is therefore dual to its simple socle and is the same simple. Thus for every restricted of consecutive degrees, is one if and , and zero otherwise. The scalar endomorphism ring is by absolute simplicity. This all-pairs criterion includes the zero case and all initially possible primitive weights; it does not discard middle composition factors.
We justify the needed functor interfaces locally. In the Jucys identity is . Induct on : choosing leaves fixed, and choosing inserts it next to in a cycle, bijectively covering the non-fixed permutations. Hence each elementary symmetric JM coefficient is central over every field. On a simultaneous primary tuple these operators have generalized eigenvalues equal to its elementary symmetric residue coefficients; nilpotence follows by expanding a polynomial in the commuting nilpotent differences. Distinct residue multisets have distinct coefficient tuples, since their monic products of prime-field linear factors retain multiplicities uniquely even in characteristic . For each elementary symmetric operator, construct its univariate primary projectors by the same polynomial CRT construction as in [F5], then multiply these commuting projectors. This gives the content projector equal to the sum of tuple projectors of that content. This proves content centrality without factorial division, position-dependent symmetric-polynomial claims, or content-block primitivity. The projectors are inverse-fixed. For an input in content , induction projection by right is the same as right , because . An absolutely simple lies in exactly one of these central contents, since their scalar idempotents are orthogonal and sum to one; denote it by . Thus these interfaces agree with the actual functor definition.
Put , , and let truncate group coefficients. For left modules the natural Frobenius map is , with coinduction action . It is balanced and -linear by and . For a left-coset transversal of , its inverse is . The right cosets partition , so evaluation at has exactly the term and returns . On the unique term with balances back to . These verify both identities and naturality with correct cosets and only finite choices.
Let , commuting with and inverse-fixed. For any such centralizer element, : the coefficient at is the group coefficient trace , by cyclicity and commuting with . Under , the value at one of right projection is consequently . If is -linear, . Evaluation therefore identifies projected maps with -maps ; conversely an -map extends via , with evaluated after the projector . For , every -map already selects the matching content. Thus exactly, with no duality shift and no asserted equality of composition multiplicities.
The labelled signature inverse is local. Adding or removing a corner flips its -sign, and the other boundary statuses that can change have residues , not for . In the stack reduction, flipping the last surviving plus gives the first surviving minus and conversely: before that position the minus stack is empty, and its distinguished minus survives exactly when every suffix prefix has at least as many minus pushes as plus pops, equivalent to no later plus surviving after the flip. Good removal preserves restrictedness by step 11.1. Cogood addition also does: its only possible new forbidden difference is , in which case the addable node in row has the same residue, with no -node between the two pluses. If the earlier plus survives, the later one also survives, contradicting that the earlier is cogood. Hence addition remains restricted and the inverse holds in both directions. In particular is cogood for exactly when it is good for . No equality between and is used.
Apply step 20.1 with and for every restricted . By step 17.1 the resulting Hom space is one-dimensional precisely when , and zero otherwise. Step 21.1 makes exactly one such label, namely . The group simple classification covers every simple by these absolutely irreducible labels. The dimensions of all simple-to-module Hom spaces therefore identify the socle of as the single , with socle multiplicity one, excluding every other label.
Give the invariant nondegenerate coset form on a finite left transversal. A group element permutes cosets and acts by on the fibers, proving invariance. Equivalently its value on general group representatives is . The projection is self-adjoint: moving it to the first argument gives , which equals by the trace calculation of step 20.1, and . Its image is orthogonal to the complement and inherits a nondegenerate invariant form. Thus is self-dual, and its head is the dual of its simple socle, namely through the nondegenerate invariant quotient form. This proves both endpoints, including characteristic two.
For , the empty partition has one conormal node of residue zero and . Induction from to is , with , so has these endpoints; other residue functors are zero. Every use of above descends to the original field: weight projections and coefficient operators have matrices over , finite Hom ranks preserve extension, and the simple Schur and group labels remain absolutely simple. Therefore the endpoint assertions hold over every original field of characteristic .
The total multiplicity is the separate use of [F4]. Apply it to the cogood , which is bottommost conormal. Its conormal nodes weakly above it are exactly all conormal nodes, so . Combining this count with the independently constructed endpoints proves the full statement. The implication uses no equality of induction and restriction composition counts and no equality .
Remark
Steps 1.1–17.1 also prove the following restriction endpoint, independently of the uncoloured-socle corollary: for every -restricted with , where is the good -node and its deletion remains -restricted. The scalar is the node residue in step 16.1. The proof covers every field of characteristic , including , using the unused coordinate and the degree-zero lower corner when .
This is the recovered research-only first construction proposal for the exact cogood endpoint case, not a native-ready decision. The saved native50 construction and mathematical steps are reused; recovery has not opened another review or repair round. The endpoint proof is local; the complete target uses the independently reviewed conormal-count companion [F4], which must be integrated first. The actual canonical good-node/uncoloured-socle items and the survey statements are not endpoint proof premises. No general finite- classifier is used or reopened.
The former unused equality in F3 was false: for , , its two addable -nodes are conormal, so ; for one has . The true labelled good/cogood inverse is proved above. Simple endpoint multiplicity one and total composition multiplicity two in this example are consistent.
The authentic cached Kleshchev 1995 II scan (SHA-256 6a7a7856d3eb8c8198920c02bdcdd16d8b350f024d39ae96215f072050bc368c, 51 PDF pages) was recorded by the original native50 constructor as read visually on every printed page 198–212 and 163–166. The recovery constructor read the saved proof, proposal and handoffs; it does not claim to have repeated that visual reading. These include the full Theorems 4.2 and 4.11 proofs/continuations and the actual Theorem 0.5 statement. The scan ends with section 4 and references, not a section 5. The source's strong-linkage citation in 4.11 is replaced here by the integral central tensor operator and explicit compensated containment. No full-article/book reading or new retrieval is claimed. Source reading, preimages, pending interfaces and exact hashes are recorded in the accompanying handoff; all prior K/50 seals and caps remain untouched.
Depends on
- Residue signatures, normal, good, conormal and cogood nodes
- Generalized Jucys-Murphy primary idempotents and the residue-summand functors $E_i$, $F_i$
- Conormal-node composition multiplicities under residue induction
- An integral essential-subset basis and count for type-A root intervals
- The type-A q-Schur algebra and its Weyl modules
- The Schur idempotent and the Schur functor for type-A q-Schur algebras
- The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form
- Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells
- Modular simple modules of the symmetric group
- Nonzero modular Specht quotient criterion
- Modular Specht form and radical quotient
- Nonzero cell heads classify the simple modules of a cellular algebra
- The radical, socle, head, and Loewy series of a finite-dimensional module
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Sources
- Alexander Kleshchev, Representation Theory of Symmetric Groups and Related Hecke Algebras, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 47 (2010) 419-481, author arXiv version; §11.4 with Theorem 11.7 and the dual socle statement, printed pp. 53-54. Complete 66-page text, SHA-256 8685199608967fa7c479e4dd883990b716a6f708e71cf75f6ce4aba41c6f2cab (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jonathan Brundan, Modular Branching Rules and the Mullineux Map for Hecke Algebras of Type A, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 77 (1998) 551-581; complete 34-page author manuscript, §5.5 with the statement that the deduction of Theorem 2.6 from Theorem 5.4 is entirely similar, printed pp. 30-32 (the dual socle/head treatment) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Alexander Kleshchev, Branching rules for modular representations of symmetric groups, II, J. reine angew. Math. 459 (1995), 163-212; authentic 51-page cached scan, SHA-256 6a7a7856d3eb8c8198920c02bdcdd16d8b350f024d39ae96215f072050bc368c; prior native50 constructor recorded visual reading printed163-166 and198-212, including complete4.2/4.11 proofs and Theorem0.5; local construction replaces external strong linkage (standard reference, not scraped)