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Ordinary Specht modules are the signed conjugate Murphy cells
Statement
Let be a commutative ring, and , and write , and . Let with its DJ form , the cell module with its Murphy form , and the sign automorphism be as in Hecke row permutation modules and ordinary Dipper-James polytabloids, The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form and The Hecke sign automorphism, pullback and contragredient dual, and let be the -twisted cell module of Theta transports the Murphy cellular structure to the signed cell modules. Then:
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There is a base-change compatible isomorphism of right -modules where is the class of in and the right side is computed with the ordinary action on and read in the twist; in particular for . For a class and any lift , the inverse is , independently of the chosen lift.
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With the transported form of Theta transports the Murphy cellular structure to the signed cell modules and , over every commutative with . No unnamed scalar and no potentially vanishing scalar occurs: is the explicit unit in the fixed normalizations of this page.
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Consequently maps the radical of onto the radical of , the induced map between the quotients is an isomorphism, with the corresponding cell-form quotients , including the zero-quotient case. Over a field, when the quotients are nonzero they are the simple heads; when the forms are identically zero, the displayed quotients are zero and no assertion about the actual module heads is made. Over a PID with a chosen prime, the unit-scaled form identity preserves all divisibility submodules and their reductions. One also obtains with the exact position of the dual and the twist, separating same-shape duality from conjugate-sign transport. No choice principle is used.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A commutative ring , , a partition with conjugate , the Hecke algebra , the modules with the distinguished and polytabloid bases, the permutation form and its restriction , the cell module with basis and Murphy form , and the sign automorphism .
is an involutive automorphism commuting with , with , , and for a right -module the twist has action ; and is exact and preserves composition multiplicities (The Hecke sign automorphism, pullback and contragredient dual).
Using a row-module lift of the cell class , the map on is a well-defined, surjective -module map onto with value at ; this is proved inside Integral polytabloid straightening for the comparison, where is also shown to be free on and a split direct summand of ; moreover with and for .
is free of rank with basis , its form satisfies and the cell law, and is spanned by the Murphy elements of shapes (The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form).
The transported form of Theta transports the Murphy cellular structure to the signed cell modules is defined on the transported basis by ; read on the underlying module of the twist it is , it is symmetric and associative for the twisted action, and is an isometry onto the transported cell.
is nilpotent and is semisimple for a finite-dimensional algebra over a field (For a finite-dimensional algebra, the Jacobson radical is nilpotent and the quotient by it is semisimple).
The kernel of the quotient is , and under the same-shape pairing (Murphy cells are the same-shape contragredient Specht duals).
Base change: all structure constants lie in and specialize along (The generic type-A Hecke algebra, The Hecke sign automorphism, pullback and contragredient dual).
Proof
The integral map. Identify with , where . By [F2], literal left multiplication by kills and induces the surjection sending the class of to . In particular for any row-module lift, independently of that lift. Both modules are free of rank ; finite basis preimages give a right inverse of the square matrix of , so its determinant is a unit and is an isomorphism. Set . Its -linearity with the twisted target action gives , where this expression uses the ordinary action on the underlying Murphy module. All these matrices and their inverses lie in the universal Laurent ring and specialize by [F8].
Generic uniqueness of the forms, after the integral isomorphism. Work over with formal and . The matrix of the regular trace form has Laurent-polynomial entries. At its matrix is times the permutation matrix : in the regular group basis left multiplication by a nonidentity group element has trace zero, whereas the identity has trace . Its determinant is therefore nonzero, so the regular trace form is nonsingular over . If , every is nilpotent by [F6], and has trace zero; nondegeneracy forces , so is semisimple. To justify the consequence used next, any quotient algebra of a finite-dimensional semisimple algebra has semisimple regular module: the images of its finitely many simple summands are simple or zero and span the quotient; selecting successively images not contained in their predecessors expresses it as a direct sum of simples. A square-zero two-sided ideal of such an algebra acts trivially on every simple module, since is either or and the latter would force ; it therefore annihilates the semisimple regular module and is zero. Each cellular layer is an ideal in a quotient of this semisimple algebra, with multiplication . If had a nonzero radical, would be a nonzero square-zero ideal of that quotient, stable under its surrounding algebra by the cell law and contravariance, a contradiction. Thus is nonsingular, and the cellular rank-one operators realize the full matrix algebra on . Every module endomorphism is scalar because it commutes with all matrix units; this conclusion also holds on the -twist, since . On that twist, any contravariant form defines an operator by . Contravariance and nonsingularity imply that commutes with the module action, so is a scalar multiple of . No generic argument was used to establish the integral map or basis.
The exact generator computation. The expansion in [F2] has distinct distinguished row-module vectors and length , so [F3] gives The last equality pairs with . The row identity gives , so the defining cell product in [F4] gives . Therefore, with the specified normalization , the only possible comparison unit is . This computation uses the distinguished-basis definition of , not any incorrectly unscaled trace identity.
Universal form identity. Transfer the DJ form to using : set . This is contravariant for the twisted action, as is . Both are nonzero over , since their respective generator values are and , nonzero in that field. Step 2.1 makes them proportional, and step 2.2 determines the scalar as , proving over . Both sides have matrices in ; the injection proves their equality already in , and then [F8] specializes it to every commutative with unit parameter. No cancellation of takes place after specialization.
Radicals, divisibility, quotients and duality. The unit form identity and the isomorphism identify the form radicals and yield , including zero quotients. Over a field, a vector outside a nonzero cell-form radical generates its whole cell module: choose a vector pairing to and use its finite basis expansion in the cell rank-one action . Thus every proper submodule lies in that radical, making it the unique maximal submodule and the nonzero form quotient the simple head; transfer this conclusion through . If the form is identically zero only the zero form quotient is asserted, not a zero actual head. Over a PID with chosen prime , the submodules for every are identified with their Murphy counterparts because the forms differ by a unit; their reductions correspond as well. Applying step 1.1 to gives . Compose with the same-shape perfect pairing [F7] and the commuting of star dual with in [F1] to obtain . Empty shapes have , and unit . This proves all clauses, using generic semisimplicity only for uniqueness of forms on an already integral module. No choice principle is used.
Depends on
- Murphy cells are the same-shape contragredient Specht duals
- Integral polytabloid straightening for the comparison
- Theta transports the Murphy cellular structure to the signed cell modules
- The Hecke sign automorphism, pullback and contragredient dual
- The Murphy cellular basis, the cell law and the Murphy form
- The permutation form is H-contravariant and restricts to the DJ form
- Hecke row permutation modules and ordinary Dipper-James polytabloids
- Row symmetrizers and signed column symmetrizers vanish outside dominance
- For a finite-dimensional algebra, the Jacobson radical is nilpotent and the quotient by it is semisimple
- The generic type-A Hecke algebra
Used by
- Polytabloid specialization and the exact signed multiplicity dictionary Corollary
- Cellularity does not make every cell module simple Counterexample
- Untwisted conjugation changes the module Counterexample
- The graded Specht module by homogeneous standard tableaux Definition
- The nondegenerate root-of-unity level-one Hecke regime Definition
- The type-A Hecke Specht module and its cell form Definition
- Normal and good nodes for the partition (6,4,4,3,2) Example
- The complete weight-one decomposition matrix for S3 at p=3 Example
- The row and column Specht conventions in rank three Example
- The two-tableau pairing at a singular parameter Example
- Multipartitions with fixed component cores are cyclotomic Jantzen-connected Lemma
- Hecke Specht theory specialises to group Specht theory at q = 1 Proposition
- Conormal-node composition multiplicities under residue induction Theorem
- Graded Specht heads classify the graded simple modules Theorem
- Kleshchev's first-level branching multiplicity Theorem
- The cogood node gives the simple socle and head of the residue induction Theorem
- The Schur functor sends Weyl and simple modules to Specht and Hecke simple modules Theorem
- The weight-one block decomposition pattern Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
23 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Andrew Mathas, Iwahori-Hecke algebras and Schur algebras of the symmetric group, author-hosted prepublication manuscript, 79 PDF pages (standard reference, not scraped)
- Alexander Kleshchev, Representation theory of symmetric groups and related Hecke algebras, arXiv:0909.4844v1 (survey), 66 PDF pages (standard reference, not scraped)
- R. Dipper, G. D. James, Representations of Hecke algebras of general linear groups, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 52 (1986) 20-52, DOI 10.1112/plms/s3-52.1.20 (standard reference, not scraped)